tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84212657625583011422024-02-20T08:24:56.779-08:00Help for essay writingExtended Essay Samplesrondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-18675146317742330272020-09-03T22:30:00.001-07:002020-09-03T22:30:04.078-07:00Principles of communication in adult and social care settings EssayComputer based intelligence Identify four distinct reasons why individuals impart Making and creating connections Individuals convey to make new connections. The manner in which I initially talk and tune in to a newcomer can cause them to feel welcome or ignored. As I talk or remark, tune in and watch, take an intrigue, grin and gesture, regardless of whether to an assistance client, an individual from their family, an associate or a meeting specialist I am building and building up my relationship with them. Correspondence will keep on being the fundamental way I sustain and build up my connections at work. Understand more: Identify various reasons why we communicateâ essay Giving and getting data At work I will be relied upon to give and get various sorts of data. Maybe an assistance client trusts in me, or an individual from their family asks me an inquiry. A partner could give me guidelines a meeting professional may mention an objective fact. The data I give, get and give will assist me with carrying out my work viably. Communicating needs and sentiments Communicating needs and sentiments is a piece of being human and these are imparted through conduct just as discourse. A great many people need to impart necessities and sentiments to one another and along these lines develop a feeling of trust with the individual they trust in. Sharing considerations and thoughts Human procedure a large number of their considerations by examining them. On the off chance that I have thoughts, questions and conclusions about my work, imparting them to associates assists with explaining, create and even change the manner in which I think and act. The manner by which I react to the perspectives of administration clients could support or dishearten their imparting to me. Certifying each other Certification is tied in with recognizing and empowering one another and consoling people of their value and worth. Assertion is conveyed through positive words, commendation and signals. Some consideration settings use bolster gatherings, staff gatherings and examinations as methods of asserting professionals about their work execution. Aii Describe two different ways how correspondence can influence connections in a grown-up social consideration setting between people utilizing the administration, their carers, associates and different experts. The capacity to impart well is a key expertise that empowers me to work adequately with others. Correspondence process is much about tuning in and accepting messages for what it's worth about talking and giving messages. As a consideration specialist I should be talented in the two perspectives. My relational abilities will create and turn out to be increasingly successful as I gain involvement with my work job, gaining from watching progressively experienced associates. Gaining from others, looking for exhortation and utilizing support are all piece of this procedure. During my work with administration clients there will be explicit circumstances where great relational abilities are especially fundamental. Sharing data In a consideration setting it is fundamental that data is shared properly between laborers to empower every individual from group to complete their job successfully. I will likewise need to impart data to support clients and their family members. Here and there the data may be of a touchy sort, for example, when breaking awful news or managing private data, and I should be particularly delicate. Over the span of my work I should discover data, pass on data and listen data. Offering help Correspondence is the principle manner by which I keep on supporting connections and develop this. As a wellbeing and social consideration specialist I should offer help to support clients and their families and this is empowered through both verbal and nonverbal correspondence. I should tune in, as much as Iâ speak and the utilization of suitable and non meddlesome touch can add to feeling of being steady. Aiii Using the table beneath, recognize three different ways of discovering the correspondence and language needs of a person. For every technique, depict how powerful it is at building up the necessities of the person. Asking/Observing the Individual. Asking/Observing is presumably the most ideal method of setting up the individualââ¬â¢s correspondence and language needs as this would promptly permit me to build up their typical language, on the off chance that they are outwardly or hearing hindered and so forth. Check the Care plan for the people correspondence needs. The Care plan can be a decent wellspring of data on the necessities of the occupant, however whenever archived inaccurately because of human blunder this technique gets ineffectual. On the off chance that the initial two donââ¬â¢t give me the required data I could ask residentââ¬â¢s family, companions, specialist or different experts who have worked with the person. This is another powerful technique, possibly to be utilized if the initial two come up short. Aiv Describe three elements to think about while advancing powerful correspondence Closeness. Physical separation: the better you know an individual the closer I am probably going to be truly. Closeness can energize sharing. Situating seats at a point instead of one next to the other makes it truly simpler to converse with someone else. Sitting straightforwardly inverse is progressively formal and can feel fierce. Now and again a table between me enables an individual to feel ensured. Shouting starting with one room then onto the next doesnââ¬â¢t help correspondence. Direction. Body position: inclining forward can impart that you are intrigued, however excessively close may attack ââ¬Å"body spaceâ⬠. Dismissing can show absence of intrigue , however standing straightforwardly inverse an individual can be excessively immediate, where being atâ an point can give a supportive space. Stance. Conduct: collapsed arms can look cautious and debilitate correspondence. Loved ones without acknowledging, frequently reflect the different personââ¬â¢s act during discussion, which is thought to build a feeling of nature. Remaining over an individual who is situated may feel belittling or compromising. Av Describe three verbal and three non verbal specialized strategies and styles that a social consideration laborer may use in a grown-up care setting. Correspondence is a mind boggling process comprised of various components to do with verbal and non verbal language. These are reflected in a scope of correspondence styles and strategies. Correspondence is additionally a two-way process that must think about the responses of others and react fittingly. To be a gifted communicator and translator of correspondence I should give close consideration to my words and activities, just as the words and activities of others. Verbal correspondence. Itââ¬â¢s about the selection of words being verbally expressed, yet in addition the manner in which the words are said. Jargon. Picking words that are suitable to the administration userââ¬â¢s level of comprehension is significant. Maybe English isn't their first language, or they have correspondence troubles related with a state of being. Simultaneously, I should know about not being excessively shortsighted and appearing to be belittling. Manner of speaking. Manner of speaking concerns the passionate message being passed on close by the expressed words. When these donââ¬â¢t coordinate, individuals can get mindful of my feelings and will get whether I am disturbed or on edge, for instance. Pitch of voice. Pitch of voice concerns how low or high my voice sounds. Talking in a soft tone can be quieting and alleviating, yet excessively low and I can sound exhausting. Interestingly, a high pitch can sound abrasive and be terrible to tune in to. Non verbal correspondence Non-verbal correspondence is a type of correspondence that occur subliminally, that is, without monitoring thinking. It gives signs about the importance of communicated in language. Non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication identifies with the manner in which my body mirrors my considerations and sentiments. This can add accentuation to my words, however on the off chance that I donââ¬â¢t truly mean what I am stating it can likewise uncover a more genuine and opposing message underneath my words. For instance, shouting, ââ¬Å"how fascinatingâ⬠may seem as if I am intrigued, however non-verbal communication of tapping fingers, helpless eye to eye connection and smothered yawns deceives I am really exhausted. Signals. Motions are signs made with the hands and arms to outline or stress my words or to remain instead of words. Individuals frequently motion during discussions without truly pondering it. I may see somebody signaling while at the same time chatting on the telephone, despite the fact that the individual getting the call can't see their motions. A few motions are comprehended across a wide range of nations of the world, for example, approval, which means ââ¬Å"good newsâ⬠, yet not all the signal are all inclusive and as opposed to explaining a message, could make a disarray. Eye to eye connection. Eye to eye connection is significant and now and then it is hard to know whether an individual is coming clean except if I can investigate their eyes. Holding somebody look is an indication of closeness, yet to do as such with an individual I donââ¬â¢t realize well can feel awkward, in any event, compromising. During most discussions it is typical for my look to flutter to and from anotherââ¬â¢s face. When working with administration clients who have correspondence challenges it can assist with misrepresenting components of non-verbal correspondence to give more insights about my expressed message. Avi Explain why it is imperative to react to an individualââ¬â¢s reactionsâ during correspondence. The accompanying characteristics will assist with reacting fittingly to the correspondence of others. Familiarity with how my correspondence is being gotten. Search for nonverbal prompts that demonstrates the recipientââ¬â¢s intrigue and understanding and similarly those that show misconception or weariness. Affectability to tune into my recipientââ¬â¢s enthusiastic reactions to my words. Adaptability to change the manner in which I am stating something so as to explain my significance and increment understanding. Correspondence procedures. Some correspondence strategies help with the way toward reacting to the responses of others. Reverberating. Reverberating is where I rehash back what an individual has said such that the two checks my understa rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-45835577789635772672020-08-26T10:43:00.001-07:002020-08-26T10:43:10.278-07:00EU Environment Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 wordsEU Environment Policy - Essay Example The natural approach is the thing that the EU tries to do to secure the physical condition. It is at any rate important to respite to consider what ecological strategy comprises of and what its limits are. Notwithstanding what is from numerous points of view its worldwide character, the issues on the ecological plan vary starting with one piece of the world then onto the next. The strategy procedure is sectioned into various vertical compartments, yet natural approach is itself thusly exceptionally fragmented. In spite of the fact that the EU's ecological activity plans speak to an endeavor to characterize a lot of needs and strategy for the earth all in all, in actuality one has a lot of unmistakable arrangements identified with quite certain destinations to the degree that it is hard to discuss a general natural approach. To some extent, this mirrors the degree to which the arrangement making process is subject to the assembly of logical ability. Somebody who thinks about the dispersal qualities of an ozone tuft from a city may realize next to no about elective models of a dangerous atmospheric devation, and will more likely than not know almost no about water contamination or poisonous contaminants in the dirt. There was no reference to natural approach in the Treaty of Rome of 1957. ... What is here and there viewed as the EC's first natural order was passed in 1967 managing norms for arranging, bundling and marking risky substances, yet its genuine spotlight was on the help of exchange. Resulting enactment based on this system order, quite the sixth Amendment of 1979 which accommodated the pre-showcase control of risky synthetic substances. This may all the more really be viewed as a natural mandate. During beginning time of impromptu, piecemeal extension in EU ecological strategy skill, the Commission demonstrated inventive in the utilization of Article 100, which took into consideration the guess of part state laws which legitimately influence the foundation or working of the basic market, and Article 235, which takes into account the appropriation of Community estimates where important to achieve, over the span of the activity of the regular market, one of the destinations of the Community where the Treaty has not given the fundamental forces. This advancement of ecological ability was given a significant driving force at the 1972 Paris Summit when the heads of government called upon the Commission to draw up a natural strategy and set up a directorate liable for natural assurance. A stage had just been taken toward this path with the arrangement of an Environment and Consumer However, the advancement of natural approach was disabled by the absence of any premise in the bargains. Natural measures needed to depend on the harmonization arrangements of Article 100 or the general arrangements of Article 235. Natural approach has proceeded onward from just handling apparent contamination issues, for example, those of the Rhine or the North Sea, or guaranteeing that legitimate guidelines are rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-89635525668354019982020-08-22T20:56:00.001-07:002020-08-22T20:56:34.973-07:00Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems â⬠Free SamplesQuestion: Talk about the Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Answer: Presentation: In the ongoing time of mechanical headways, huge continuous improvements can be found in the bookkeeping data framework that have positive effect on bookkeeping rehearses. In this specific situation, the name of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) should be referenced as a significant bookkeeping data framework. Within the sight of ERP framework, the administrations of the organizations become ready to incorporate the center business forms like bookkeeping, deals, warehousing and others. There are two kinds of ERP framework accessible; they are On Premise ERP and Hosted ERP. It should be referenced that ERP framework has gotten significant changes data innovation. As a significant change, ERP framework gathers the offers value-based information of the associations from different sources so information duplication can be maintained a strategic distance from and to coordinate information with a solitary honest source. Another mechanical improvement is the Cloud ERP that runs the whole o rganization on a solitary cloud-based administration suite. Within the sight of ERP framework, organizations can record all business exchanges independent of their size and nature (Hall 2012). Because of this framework, whenever fundamental data can be found in the PC framework while required. ERP framework makes the procedure of installment simpler for creditor liability. With the assistance of ERP framework, organizations can make installment of the bills with the snap of a catch. The nearness of ERP framework helps during the time spent simple charging. All the data identified with money due is recorded in the data framework to print bills. This should be possible every day, week by week or month to month premise contingent upon the interest of the business (Simkin, Norman and Rose 2014). In particular, ERP framework helps in the age of all fundamental fiscal reports without figuring anything. The bookkeeping staffs use to enter the dates into the data framework and it produces t he necessary fiscal summaries. Along these lines, this procedure proves to be useful when there is a necessity of money related reports from various periods. At the season end shutting, bookkeepers face challenges in setting up all the essential budget reports like balanced preliminary equalization, balanced sections and others. Nonetheless, within the sight of ERP framework, it does the vast majority of the work at the season end shutting (Simkin, Norman and Rose 2014). In any case, it should be referenced that the bookkeepers require some fundamental information and aptitudes in working PC so as to get to ERP framework. It turns out to be simple for the bookkeepers to work ERP framework within the sight of fundamental PC information and aptitude. Presently a days, a large portion of the organizations use to sort out viable preparing programs for their bookkeeping staffs with the goal that they can utilize the ERP frameworks adequately (Hall 2012). References Lobby, J.A., 2012.Accounting data frameworks. Cengage Learning. Simkin, M.G., Norman, C.S. what's more, Rose, J.M., 2014.Core ideas of bookkeeping data frameworks. John Wiley Sons. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-66319235744312978592020-08-22T07:55:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:55:36.971-07:00Learning About Myself Essay Example For StudentsFinding out About Myself Essay I understand that I donââ¬â¢t completely know who I am. I am as yet finding out about myself over the long haul. I could likely even name an individual or two that could state they realize me better than I know myself. What I do know is this: I am 22 years youthful and I have committed a ton of errors throughout my life. What's more, I might be naã ¯ve about certain things, be that as it may, I have encountered a great deal too. I need to begin with the way that I love to learn. You may discover me in my extra time with a book close by. I additionally love to compose. I have a lot of family, some I probably won't know be that as it may, most I love to invest energy with. I share a bond with a spirit that won't ever change. In any case, I don't have any children of my own. I am 22 years of age and I was conceived In Minneapolis, MN on a virus winter Monday in November second 1992. My grandma raised me and my 3 kin. I was constantly informed that Iââ¬â¢ve been with her since the age of 2. In any case, I was never such inspired by the subtleties for specific reasons. My mom and father consistently existed some place in the rear of my psyche however they were never ââ¬Å"there. Regardless of whether their nonappearance was because of medications, jail, or both Iââ¬â¢m still not certain. I was constantly kept shielded from it. I was confronted with what at the time I viewed as one of the most extraordinary choices ever. I was going into middle school and my grandma had chosen all of a sudden to move back to her home province of Mississippi. Obviously you would already be able to think about how I felt about it. I truly had no way out. All things considered, I truly didnââ¬â¢t have any other person at that point. I despite everything like to allude to it as the most noticeably terrible choice ever. Everything was unique. It was kinda similar to a culture stun for me. There werenââ¬â¢t any lights, no tall structures, or ordinary neighborhoods with walkways. The fields continued for a significant distance and miles. Loaded with cotton, corn and different yields. The individuals chatted with a nation emphasize and made fun and picked with me for being the new young lady and talking legitimate as they got a kick out of the chance to call it. I was constantly discouraged. As I would like to think a portion of the most noticeably awful minutes throughout my life transpired while living in Mississippi. What's more, I know its sorts egotistical of me to loathe a spot dependent on sincere belief yet that is the manner by which I feel. I didnââ¬â¢t know anybody and my grandma kept a tight rope on me. I didnââ¬â¢t have numerous companions so I had no place to go in any case. I was separated from everyone else. The family I had there I didnââ¬â¢t know and I really felt like the vast majority of them didnââ¬â¢t like me in any case. I even needed to encounter the torment of feeling an auto collision into me. I came smashing down on the windshield, breaking it, and getting hurried to the ER. I was fortunate in light of the fact that there was not all that much harm other than a couple of knocks, wounds, and a missing tooth. This some way or another caused me to feel even less invited and preferred. I despised Mississippi somewhat more as a result of it. I graduated secondary school and was spared by my mom who shockingly came to Mississippi to acquire me back to live Minnesota with her. I never really anticipated that my mom should step up the manner in which she did. She has been a major part of my life and clean for a long time. Also, I couldnââ¬â¢t be any prouder. I lament the way that I canââ¬â¢t say the equivalent regarding my dad. I was constantly informed that I shouldnââ¬â¢t be so critical towards my dad. That I should give him a possibility and not disdain him to such an extent. I truly attempted I guarantee I did yet he is the explanation that Iââ¬â¢ve discovered that ââ¬Å"Trust of the honest is the liarââ¬â¢s most valuable apparatus. â⬠â⬠Stephen King. I needed to get familiar with the most difficult way possible that I canââ¬â¢t trust anybody, particularly not my dad. He is all that I loathe and I have no regard for him. .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .postImageUrl , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:hover , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:visited , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:active { border:0!important; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:active , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b6 3e57b4b3829ac .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Father Damien And His Journey EssayI never had a relationship with my dad. So the last time he escaped jail in June of 2014 I assumed the best about him. I confided in him. He began coming to see me. We even ended up in a good place. He even helped me get my permit. I thought we were a work in progress and I really still donââ¬â¢t recognize what turned out badly. I had the most noticeably terrible day ever. It began with a toothache and getting my shrewdness tooth precisely expelled and finished with me in cuffs in the rear of a squad car due to dear ole daddy. I return home to rests despite everything descending off the Novocain o r whatever. Furthermore, my dad calls me in trouble. He got into a fight with some folks and wound up leaving his vehicle some place and required me for a ride back to his vehicle. I realized it was bologna supposing that I you are in a squabble the exact opposite thing you will do is leave your vehicle yet I didn't address it in light of the fact that my dad is mysterious. I idiotically go to his salvage. I get him from his home to take him to his vehicle and the second I turn the corner I get cut off by a pickup truck. I thought it was simply one more driver experiencing street rage however once I look in my back view reflect I understand that itââ¬â¢s not. Encircled by police with weapons drawn and K-9 in full mammoth mode. The entire time my dad said nothing. I get pulled out of my vehicle, put in cuffs, in the rear of a crew vehicle with the entirety of my assets seized. In the wake of being compelled to sit at the intersection of Plymouth for a considerable length of time I was at long last informed that my dad had burglarized a bank. I wasnââ¬â¢t discharged until after I was shipped to my fatherââ¬â¢s house while they attacked it. Furthermore, that being said it took for my mom to come searching for me and to affirm my story for them to release me. Since he was not talking. He wouldnââ¬â¢t even tell the police I was his little girl and that I didnââ¬â¢t have anything to do with it. Furthermore, I havenââ¬â¢t got notification from him since I have figured out how to proceed onward. I will never pardon him and I will always remember what he has done to me. I won't carry on with my life in lament or reprimanding myself for something I have no power over. I won't let that circumstance obstruct me. I have figured out how to be a superior individual as a result of it. I see myself quite a while from now as a paralegal, prison guard, or probation officer, wedded with in any event three kids. I am as yet finding out about myself however I trust that by perusing this you discover somewhat more about me. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-45106175217361646902020-08-21T18:38:00.001-07:002020-08-21T18:38:17.887-07:00Barangay Information System Essay EssaysBarangay Information System Essay Essays Barangay Information System Essay Barangay Information System Essay Criticalness of the Study - This review was gotten to going out that the use of homestead data framework will diminish the clasp for the managing of encoding. Other than in using this framework it can recognize the individual include in this review. To the Barangay â⬠It will help for them to diminish the clasp for the managing of encoding. The framework will be the nose tally like holding an arrangement of the barangay for the entirety of its parts and new individuals who will populate in the topographic point. The framework will be viable in keeping. looking for and hive awaying of records of all inhabitant in the barangay. To the Residence â⬠For they will be suited simple for they will hold an assignment that can be utilized to dish their narratives if there are a few modifications to be done in their part. It will other than be simple for them in bespeaking some data and administrations in light of the fact that the barangay had as of now hold it. This will other than ensure the tenants that their data is appropriately made sure about and keep up using the proposed framework. To the Secretary of the Barangay â⬠It will help to shape the record and oversee the data of the house. Outside For more remote trepidation of the overview. the examination laborers made utilization of various perusing stuffs identified with the data framework. These stuffs, for example, books. magazines. papers. proposition and other web articles are vital in widening the perception of the exploration laborers. These will other than steer the examination laborers to achieve their imprint points by procuring musings on other related surveies and do advancements as could reasonably be expected. Blending to Jennifer Rowley ( 2005 ) . data framework are an apparatus to back up data bearing. Data frameworks are continuously being utilized in associations with the object of providing competitory favorable position. The data frameworks utilized by associations can be assembled into various kinds, for example, managing preparing framework. official data framework. proficient frameworks and office data frameworks. Data Technology has proclaimed the happening to the data society. The University of Minnesota Research and Training Center has discharged its one-year Residential Information Systems Project study. The investigation furnishes state-by-state insights with since a long time ago run propensities on private administrations. scenes. populaces and uses for individuals with formative disablements in territory. nonstate. what's more, Medicaid-subsidized private plans. Highlights of tenants. movement and staffing structures in huge territory private establishments are incorporated. The investigation utilizes 2012 data to examine propensities in private backings for individuals with formative disablements. The examination found that the majority of individuals with IDD that do non populate with a family part live in a scene with three or less individuals with IDD. with more than three-fourths offering a spot to six of less individuals. The investigation takes note of that there are significant contrasts in the informations between territories for some subject nations. counting puting size. holding up records. also, mean outgos for HCBS. Oââ¬â¢Brien. ( 2011 ) characterizes data framework as the sorted out mix of individuals. equipment. bundle. imparting networks and informations assets. that control. change and disseminateinformation in an association. In fractional satisfaction for the requests in Software Project introduced to the module of IT Department Ebora. Vanessa Grace I.Casas. Lori Anne S.Rapisora. Sheryl L.Tambongco. Steven Section 1The Problem and Its BackgroundIntroduction Puting of the StudyThe overview was led at Barangay Katipunan-Bayani which has an approximative popul. ation of 8. 000 inhabitants. The barangay is situated at Rodriguez Ave. Tanay. Rizal. Region guide of Barangay Katipunan-Bayani Hypothetical Model Calculated Model Proclamation of the Problem This talk about the employments of bing framework that will be resolve by the examination laborer through mechanized Residence Information Sysytem1. Open-starting informations2. Back-up capacity incase of loss3. Tedious of enrolling application signifier4. Sharing of paperss5. Record stockpiling AimsGeneralThe investigate specialist expects to build up a framework that will help the customer to chop down the weight of the barangay staffs in rescuing the inhabitants documents. Specific1. Have a security to made sure about all the of import records of the occupants.2. Have a back-up capacity document in occurrence of distorting informations.3. Have a system based for simple moving of record needed.4. Have a data base for informations stockpiling. Extension and Restriction The framework is intended to hold a security for the records to be made sure about that just the approved individual can simply deal with the framework. It very well may be saved money on a booklet for document back-up. It has informations base for capacity of spared informations. It can distribute paperss, for example, Barangay Clearance. Neediness and so forth. The framework can non deliver troublesome transcript of whole records of barangay segments. it did non consolidate homestead figure. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-41095210947078033822020-08-18T08:39:00.001-07:002020-08-18T08:39:03.211-07:00Startup Hubs Around the World London Startup Hubs Around the World London 1. LOCATIONEnglandâs capital city is the seventh most influential start-up hub in the world, and is located perfectly for expansion across Europe and into the United States and beyond. As a leader across the board in almost every facet, it has drawn the best of innovators, creative thinkers, business leaders and investors.With an impressive array of companies that have either headquarters or branches within the city already, the established marketplace is a strong element in the city. What is interesting is the continual growth of the creative element in London which has pushed innovative thinking and design. The city has long had a Bohemian element, and the ever shifting center of the creative side of London has helped to produce some of the most attractive parts of the city. As creative individuals moved into an area, they improved the surroundings, creating an edgy, enticing area that was soon flooded with middle class money. The artsy element would move again, and the cycle wou ld repeat. Chelsea and Soho are examples of how the creative revitalization of London has progressed through the years.The accessibility of the city gives it even more appeal â" entrepreneurs can easily travel to promote their start-up, and investors can easily reach the city to check out the project. For production companies, products and raw materials can easily be transported through a wide range of transportation options.2. TAX INCENTIVESGovernment support of the tech industry in London can be seen with the creation of a department specifically designed to encourage start-ups. By connecting tech businesses with the resources they need to succeed, the government is helping to ensure success at every level. In addition to offering tax incentives and programs to assist businesses that start in London, they offer events and promotions that raise public awareness of the growing tech industry of Europe. The backing of the government in the start-up market gives credibility to London as a powerhouse in this area. They are putting their money where their mouth is, so to speak, by creating an environment that welcomes the innovative world of tech start-ups. By giving them the incentive they need to not only venture into the start-up market, but also allowing them time to develop and succeed financially, London is ensuring that they continue to attract start-up entrepreneurs.In addition, the creation of specific tax incentives that appeal to start-ups demonstrates the commitment of the British government to innovation. With tax credits that can give up to a fifty percent credit to investors, there is a strong push to encourage investments in start-ups. With the full support of the government, there is a clear message that London doesnât just think start-ups are a good idea; they are motivating people to create them.3. LEGAL INCENTIVESLondon is attractive to start-ups because of the lack of red tape that surrounds the process of beginning a business. By offering s upport in the legalities of forming a corporation, London is creating a culture where start-ups can flourish. They can help encourage more entrepreneurs by increasing the legal incentives to corporations who operate within the city and by providing additional assistance as needed to further develop the start-up. As a political and business center, there are a vast number of law firms and legal experts who have made London their headquarters. The legal requirements to operate in the European market are not as murky as it is in some of the worldâs countries. For the start-up entrepreneur who needs legal guidance, there are lawyers from almost every major international law firm available to help navigate the legal world of start-ups.4. AVAILABILITY OF INVESTORSOne of the largest hurdles London faces as a start-up hub is the funding gap. A large gap between initial investment and growth investment exists â" estimates claim there is over 80% less funding in the second stage of develop ment than that of Silicon Valley investors. The gap is primarily due to a lack of super angel investors in the London arena. By continuing to pursue the innovative entrepreneur, London is in a good position to launch viable start-ups. As more start-ups achieve success, investors will be more prone to invest, creating a self-sustaining cycle that will further help to drive the hub.If London wants to remain competitive in the tech start-up industry, they need to expand their focus towards some of the less-traditional technology markets. Historically, entrepreneurs in London tend to be more averse to risk and direct their attention towards smaller, less ambitious markets. It follows, then, that venture capitalist investors in London tend to be more reserved in their investments as well. The natural reticence of the British may have a cultural influence that will not serve them well as they consider the future. The London start-up entrepreneur needs to tap into the creative, free style spirit of the culture in London to develop fresh, new technology. As start-ups become successful, investors will begin to take notice of the advantage in putting money into some of the âriskierâ companies.5. AVAILABILITY OF LOCAL RESOURCES AND WORKFORCEThe recent economic downturn pushed skilled workers out of the workplace and into the private sector. With an influx of talent in the entrepreneur market, the workplace is teeming with skilled, available labor. Channeling the innovative ideas and technology towards start-up ideas may require some effort and planning, but can be done. The workplace has workers, the challenge London faces will be to give them an environment where they can thrive and create.While sheer number of employees is high, there is a lack of technical workers in London â" creating a demand for digital companies to find new employees. Attracting students to the IT related fields, offering training courses that will attract people into the world of programming , and bringing new incentives to students towards industries that have experienced a falling away are all ways that London can help to boost the lack of workers in these fields. Free training classes, online courses and workshops are all ways to help give developers the training they need to fill the gaps in workforce. Current estimates show that London only has approximately half the technical workforce that they need â" creating a huge lack of people with practical and technically proficient skills.Drawing on the resources of the vibrant city, there is a huge potential for collaboration across industries. The potential for innovative thinking and design can be best seen in the Silicon Roundabout â" the center of innovation in London that houses at least 1,000 companies and is clustered around Londonâs Google campus.London Startups Eco System: Ympact 6. SPECIALIZATION One of the most distinctive cities in Europeâs landscape, London is vital in almost every industry. London is known for its big city feel with a heavy fashion following. An urban, edgy city, it has the flair of New York. The creative entertainment industry has a strong presence in London, mimicking the entertainment mecca of Los Angeles. Finally, as a government capital, the political world keeps an eye on London for direction. There is so much to draw from within the historic city, that it seems only natural that start-ups would be drawn to the town. London is without a doubt a city that has something to offer everyone. Generating an environment that welcomes innovation in the start-up market seems to have happened almost organically, as people are drawn to where the action happens. © Shutterstock.com | Iakov KalininIn this article, we look at six essential elements of any potential start-up location that must be considered: 1) location, 2) tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) availability of investors, 5) local resources and workforce, and 6) specialization.1. LOCATIONEnglandâs capital city is the seventh most influential start-up hub in the world, and is located perfectly for expansion across Europe and into the United States and beyond. As a leader across the board in almost every facet, it has drawn the best of innovators, creative thinkers, business leaders and investors.With an impressive array of companies that have either headquarters or branches within the city already, the established marketplace is a strong element in the city. What is interesting is the continual growth of the creative element in London which has pushed innovative thinking and design. The city has long had a Bohemian element, and the ever shifting center of the creative side of London has helped to produce some of the most attractive parts of the city. As creative individuals moved into an area, they improved the surroundings, creating an edgy, enticing area that was soon flooded with middle class money. The artsy element would move again, and the cycle would repeat. Chelsea and Soho are examples of how the creative revitalization of London has progressed through the years.The accessibility of the city gives it even more appeal â" entrepreneurs can easily travel to promote their start-up, and investors can easily reach the city to check out the project. For production companies, products and raw materials can easily be transported through a wide range of transportation options.2. TAX INCENTIVESGovernment support of the tech industry in London can be seen with the creation of a department specifically designed to encourage start-ups. By connecting tech businesses with the resources they need to succeed, the government is helping to ensure success at every level. In addition to offering tax incentives and programs to assist businesses that start in London, they offer events and promotions that raise public awareness of the growing tech industry of Europe. The backing of the government in the start-up market gives credibility to London as a powerhouse in this area. They are putting their money where their mouth is, so to speak, by creating an environment that welcomes the innovative world of tech start-ups. By giving them the incentive they need to not only venture into the start-up market, but also allowing them time to develop and succeed financially, London is ensuring that they continue to attract start-up entrepreneurs.In addition, the creation of specific tax incentives that appeal to start-ups demonstrates the commitment of the British government to innovation. With tax credits that can give up to a fifty percent credit to investors, there is a strong push to encourage investments in start-ups. With the full support of the government, there is a clear message that London doesnât just think start-ups are a good idea; they are motivating people to create them.3. LEGAL INCENTIVESLondon is attractive to start-ups because of the lack of red tape that surrounds the process of beginning a business. By offering support in the legalities of forming a corporation, London is creating a culture where start-ups can flourish. They can help encourage more entrepreneurs by increasing the legal incentives to corporations who operate within the city and by providing additional assistance as needed to further develop the start-up. As a political and business center, there are a vast number of law firms and legal experts who have made London their headquarters. The legal requirements to operate in the European market are not as murky as it is in some of the worldâs countries. For the start-up entrepreneur who needs legal guidance, there are lawyers from almost every major international law firm available to help navigate the legal world of start-ups.4. AVAILABILITY OF INVESTORSOne of the largest hurdles London faces as a start-up hub is the funding gap. A large gap between initial investment and growth investment exists â" estimates claim there is over 80% less funding in the second stage of development than that of Silicon Valley investors. The gap is primarily due to a lack of super angel investors in the London arena. By continuing to pursue the innovative entrepreneur, London is in a good position to launch viable start-ups. As more start-ups achieve success, investors will be more prone to invest, creating a self-sustaining cycle that will further help to drive the hub.If London wants to remain competitive in the tech start-up industry, they need to expand their focus towards some of the less-traditional technology markets. Historically, entrepreneurs in London tend to be more averse to risk and direct their attention towards smaller, less ambitious markets. It follows, then, that ven ture capitalist investors in London tend to be more reserved in their investments as well. The natural reticence of the British may have a cultural influence that will not serve them well as they consider the future. The London start-up entrepreneur needs to tap into the creative, free style spirit of the culture in London to develop fresh, new technology. As start-ups become successful, investors will begin to take notice of the advantage in putting money into some of the âriskierâ companies.5. AVAILABILITY OF LOCAL RESOURCES AND WORKFORCEThe recent economic downturn pushed skilled workers out of the workplace and into the private sector. With an influx of talent in the entrepreneur market, the workplace is teeming with skilled, available labor. Channeling the innovative ideas and technology towards start-up ideas may require some effort and planning, but can be done. The workplace has workers, the challenge London faces will be to give them an environment where they can thrive and create.While sheer number of employees is high, there is a lack of technical workers in London â" creating a demand for digital companies to find new employees. Attracting students to the IT related fields, offering training courses that will attract people into the world of programming, and bringing new incentives to students towards industries that have experienced a falling away are all ways that London can help to boost the lack of workers in these fields. Free training classes, online courses and workshops are all ways to help give developers the training they need to fill the gaps in workforce. Current estimates show that London only has approximately half the technical workforce that they need â" creating a huge lack of people with practical and technically proficient skills.Drawing on the resources of the vibrant city, there is a huge potential for collaboration across industries. The potential for innovative thinking and design can be best seen in the Silicon Roundab out â" the center of innovation in London that houses at least 1,000 companies and is clustered around Londonâs Google campus.London Startups Eco System: Ympact 6. SPECIALIZATIONThe unique culture of London combines the best of fashion and art with the growing tech market. By continuing to capitalize on the start-up ready environment London has created, the innovative entrepreneur has a wide field to thrive in.London boasts of the highest proportion of tech entrepreneurs who are women â" with the largest female start-up offerings in Europe. This could (and should) be an area where London can excel. With the creation of networking events and organizations specifically targeting women, the start-up community is helping to abolish the idea that all tech start-ups are headed by men. The community of women entrepreneurs is filled with women from a variety of industries: development, design and more.There are a surprising number of tech start-ups that have been developed specifically for London residents and visitors, which are starting to adapt and expand into other markets. The idea of area specific applications is not new, but the high number of them that have developed within London is unusual. The Best Sandwiches in London, for example, can help you locate a sandwich based on your location â" proving that London entrepreneurs are practical (as well as concerned about the availability of a good lunch). A host of Olympic centered programs sprang up for the Londoner to keep track of where events were taking place, help avoid the crowds and cheer on the home team. With this type of ingenuity, it gives ideas about the type of specialization that London can focus on: practical, everyday innovations.The London start-up hub is on track to become one of the leading entrepreneur sites in the world. The culturally reserved London crowd is hesitant to compare itself to Silicon Valley, so the rest of the world has to make the comparison for them. It is clear to the out sider, though, that London will give Silicon Valley a run for its investor money within a few years. The hurdles that London faces are not insurmountable and if anything, should help to spur on the start-up hopeful. Londonâs technology climate is just waiting for a start-up to give the hub the needed boost that will encourage others to not only leave the confines of the typical London business box, but to venture into a new world of tech possibilities.By focusing on increasing tech development, London can continue to compete with the larger markets in Silicon Valley and other start-up hubs. They need to place priority on finding new fields of innovation, establish growth funders who are willing to invest in the further development of start-ups and begin the process of finding new avenues of creative thinking. The elements are all in place, so the world (and London) is waiting for someone to put them all together.The business world is changing and with their continuing establishmen t of start-ups and tech hubs, London will be at the forefront of the new tech world. The tech world offers more flexibility, greater options and an increased level of risk than the traditional corporate world. With the current downturn of the global economy and the overall sense of unease about the stability of the corporate giants, there doesnât seem to be much more risk in starting something new. When London begins to understand that their start-ups are competitive on a global scale and that they can not only showcase that talent to the rest of the world but can revel in their accomplishments, the London start-up hub will be virtually unstoppable. By creating new business opportunities, giving investors new reasons to invest and then continuing the growth of start-ups, London is not only creating activity in the economy, they are offering optimism.A few of the hottest new start-ups to emerge in LondonGoCardless. A direct payment application that allows consumers to make payment s without swiping a credit card, it is starting to revolutionize the small business payment process. By working with banks, it allows the smaller companies to use the same processes that utility companies use to accept direct payment from customers.SwiftKey. An app geared towards Android users, SwiftKey is a predictive text program that learns what users generally type. The program works with Gmail, Twitter and Facebook and can predict (and autofill) what the person using the program wants to type, based on the past typing patterns.Hailocab. For those weary of trying to flag down a passing cab, Hailocab is a mobile app that brings the cab right to your side. In early 2013, the app launched in five other major cities and has been getting excellent reviews.Graze. A mail delivery based service that offers healthy snacks in custom portion size. Customer preferences are used to determine the types of snacks shipped, through the algorithm that tracks customer orders. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-65003315670312948002020-06-21T19:13:00.001-07:002020-06-21T19:13:02.706-07:00The Concept of Distinctively Visual Explored Through Henry Lawsons In A Dry Season, The Drovers Wife and Sean Tans The Rabbits - Literature Essay Samples Distinctively visual refers to the understanding of how our perceptions and relationships with others and the world are shaped through unique written and visual texts. This concept and the conveyance of isolation and its impacts can clearly be explored through the short stories The Drovers Wife (1892) and ââ¬ËIn a Dry Season (1896) by Henry Lawson and alternately through the visual text ââ¬Å"The Rabbitsâ⬠(1998) by John Marsden and Sean Tan. These texts utilize a plethora of literary and visual techniques which effectively help convey the impact of isolation and segregation through the hardships they depict. The Droverââ¬â¢s Wife by Henry Lawson incorporates a colloquial and relatable narrative style which effectively helps shape the readers understandings of the hardships and difficult impact of isolation on the wife of a sheep herder. This can be reflected through the technique of descriptive language ââ¬Å"bush all round, bush with no horizonâ⬠. This describes t he place as featureless and lonely, thus isolating the woman from others. This effect is augmented by the use of alliteration ââ¬Å"no undergrowth, nothing to relieve the eye, nineteen miles to the nearest civilisationââ¬â¢. This effectively allows the reader to envision the isolated landscape and the alienation the woman must feel, procuring a sympathetic response to the reader. The recurring referral to an absence of defining features further depicts the sensory deprivation the inhabitants must feel. Alternatively, there is also a constant referral to the absence of her husband and the despondency she endures from it. This can be seen through a metaphor ââ¬Å"She thinks how her husband would feel when he sees the result of labor swept away. She cries thenâ⬠. This impacts the reader as it allows them to visualize the landscape and the sufferances it has endured, as well as invoking feelings of sympathy to her loneliness and admiration for her lone care and protection of t he children. These feelings can be reproduced in the reader through Lawsons use of omniscient narration ââ¬Å"She rode nineteen miles, carrying the dead childâ⬠. This reflects the traumatic experiences the woman endured yet she is able to continue with other aspects of life, admitting commiserative and respectful emotions in the reader. Subsequently, Sean Tan and John Marsden utilize an amalgamation of rich images and sporadic word choice in ââ¬Å"The Rabbitsâ⬠to present a dim picture of the white manââ¬â¢s invasion, producing feelings of sympathy for the indigenous inhabitants. This can be seen through the visual salience in regard to the large central placement of a boat in the image. This allows the reader to discern the negative environmental effects that occurred following the invasion, and the impending doom of mechanical ascendancy over the natural world. This is augmented through the technique of color, a variety of monochrome, dark, black and white images ar e portrayed throughout the narrative. This delineates a bleak existence following the invasion and produces a sense of immense loss in the reader to the way life permutated from nature to industry. These feelings are also shown through Tan positioning a lone marsupial at the edge of the frame. This is reflective of the sense of isolation and segregation the indigenous inhabitants suffered following the invasion, and the colonial invaders neglect to their traditional values. This is furthered through the use of exclusive language, there is a constant referral to the invaders as ââ¬Ëthey and themââ¬â¢. This is indicative of the inhabitants sense of alienation and powerless feelings to the mechanical dominance. This also allows the reader to differentiate the complete opposite values held, as the invaders viewed their colonization as development whereas the indigenous viewed it as destructive and calamitous. Comparatively, Henry Lawsons In A Dry Season encapsulates the harsh livi ng conditions of the inhospitable Australian outback and the impact it has on its inhabitants through homodiegetic narration, which in turn invokes a sympathetic response in readers. Lawson uses clothing to symbolize the harsh conditions of the outback ââ¬Å"slop sac suits, red faces and old fashioned wide brimmed hatsââ¬â¢. This is indicative of the occupants low monetary and political status, procuring a sense of sympathy in the reader to their situation. This can be furthered through the use of a sarcastic paradox ââ¬Å"death I about the only cheerful thing in the bushâ⬠. This authorial comment reflects the danger that is posed in the bush, but also the boredom and monotony of the stoic inhabitants, describing their living conditions as uncheerful. The characters of the story are not personalized; however, Lawson employs the use of laconic wit to reflect the behaviors of the men. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t wanner, Iââ¬â¢ve been there. This colloquial language indicates th e low level of education and intelligence that the inhabitants obtain, attaining a sympathetic response from the reader. Lawson also utilises an exclamatory comment to ironically mock the poor living conditions suffered by the inhabitants. ââ¬Å"They talk of settling people in the land! Better settle in it. ââ¬Å" This sarcastic authorial comment reflects the harsh inhospitable living state suffered by the stoic inhabitants which in turn produces a commiserative response in the reader. Therefore, the concept of distinctively visual texts and the notion they convey the impact of isolation and segregation is clearly explored and reflected in Henry Lawsons short stories ââ¬Å"The Drovers Wifeâ⬠and ââ¬Å"In a Dry Seasonâ⬠and alternately through the visual language text ââ¬Å"The Rabbitsâ⬠by John Marsden and Sean Tan. The authors of these texts utilise separate idiosyncratic narrative styles which effectively procure feelings such as sympathy, empathy and admiratio n in the reader. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-4834976370688849572020-05-24T09:01:00.001-07:002020-05-24T09:01:03.806-07:00Childhood Obesity - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1624 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/12 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Childhood Obesity Essay Did you like this example? Childhood obesity has been one of the more serious problem in the United States. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) it puts children and adolescents at jeopardy for other health issues that continue to affect them throughout their lives. Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and liver disease to name a few. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Childhood Obesity" essay for you Create order The CDC reports that 18.5% of children between the ages of 2 and 19 are obese, that roughly includes 13.7 million children (CDC, 2018). These numbers alert us to the problem, but do not identify a cause as to why so many children are obese. Throughout this essay the topic of nature vs nurture will be discussed in exploring childhood obesity and its causes. Is Childhood obesity the result of nature or nurture? With a better understanding of genes and genomes today many scientists believe obesity is the result of family genes. Others point to the fact that children are obese because of personal decisions and choices made regarding nutrition and exercise. Whether nature, nurture or both, it is important that society identify childhood obesity as a disease and realize the urgency in educating the population to prevent it from getting worse. Researchers have been studying the effect of genetics on a predisposition towards obesity for years. Often twin and adoption studies are used to determine the impact genetics plays on the children becoming obese. The studies show that 40-70% of the variation between children regarding their weight could be attributed to genes (Fleming). These results are closely related to the same variations taken for height, which has been proven to be genetic. When looking at families, research has shown that an obese child is more likely to have obese parents and siblings. Several lab experiments have revealed that genetics does impact obesity. Because genes hold all the heredity information for the bodys make-up, it is believed that the underlying answers to obesity are in the genes of individuals. Many studies have shown that 80% of children with obese parents will become obese at some time in their life (Ali, 2012). TORp51 Some scientist believe this is due to a persons metabolism which is genetic. Most recently, researchers have found a fat gene TOTp52 which causes obesity (Ali, 2012). The fat gene delays the bodys ability to feel full because it blocks the hormone Leptin. Leptin tells the brain that we have had enough to eat, and enough fat stored and to burn calories at a normal rate. When the hormone is blocked the person continues to feel hungry and therefore continues to eat and their metabolism slows down. A study was done on the Pima Indians because most of the tribe is obese. It was found that their metabolism is slower than the average person (Ali, 2012). This is believed to be because they were hunter/gathers. They were able to eat more and store more fat, therefore increasing their chance for survival. The fat gene was passed down through generations of Pima Indians. It is thought that leptin system evolved making the Pimas more likely to survive in their environment. Researchers believe that there is a break in the leptin system that keeps us from starving but no longer keeps us from overeating (Ali, 2012). Further research has pointed to a protein called GLP-1. They believe that GLP-1 plays an important role in how leptin controls appetite. GLP-1 slows down the movement of the bowel so that more nutrients can be absorbed (Ali, 2012). However, when mice were injected with GLP-1 they lost their appetite. The mice that were injected could go for days without food and water. TOTp53 Some researchers believe that some people lack the ability to use GLP-1; somewhat like a diabetic cannot use insulin produced by their bodies (Ali, 2012). As we explore the nurture side of childhood obesity we will look more closely at whether it is genetics or the unhealthy behaviors of the family. Lifestyle changes over the past few years has resulted in children engaging in fewer physical activities. Children are less likely to walk to school or ride a bike, they are usually driven by bus or car. More families have both parents working outside of the home children are spending less time outside playing and more time sedentary in front of a computer or watching television. In addition to less physical activity, children are consuming more calories. Schools are full of vending machines where students are buying pop, juice, chips, candy and high energy drinks. Fast Food restaurants are on every corner offering $1.00 menus full of calories and nutritionally deficient. Growing up in an environment lacking in physical activity and full of empty calories has contributed to the rise in childhood obesity. In the book Always The Fat Kid, the author says Obesity is a behavior. It is not a disease or medical condition caused by genetic defect, insidious bacteria, or toxic chemical. Obesity is really an accumulation of hundreds and thousands of bad decisions-nothing more. He goes on to explain that it is a shortfall in impulse control or addiction. He further describes that obesity it is harder to treat than other addictions because you cannot cut out eating. In treating obesity as a behavior, he looked at the behaviors that have changed in children that could be the cause in the rise of childhood obesity (Smalley, 2013). The following five behaviors are causes for the surge in obesity. The portion size as well as caloric increase of meals consumed. Portion sizes in fast food restaurants, school cafeterias, vending machines has all increased. Society wants more for their money. With the increase in portions there has also been an increase in calories consumed. There has also been a decrease in meals prepared at home. Children and adults today eat more processed and prepared foods. With working parents, it is easier to eat out or purchase something that is quick and easy to prepare. With the trend being to eat more prepared food, advertisers created commercials to get parents to buy prepared and processed food (Smalley, 2013). Another issue that the authors felt was an issue were the Food Desert. These are usually low-income areas that do not have high quality healthy food available to purchase. In these areas most people get meals from fast food chains or corner stores. Lastly and maybe most importantly is the familys attitude and behaviors toward food and eating. The authors say, unhealthy eating behaviors are passed on as easily as genes to their children (Smalley, 2013). In battling these behaviors, a balance in how many calories are consumed must be in balance with the number of calories expended. There have been several reasons for the decrease in physical activity in children. Recent studies have shown that three-quarters of all children do not get the recommended amount of daily exercise, and such sedentary lifestyles have been linked to more than thirty-five types of chronic health conditions (Smalley, 2013). P54 ATFK With the increase of technology and video games more children chose to stay inside and play with technology. Children spend more time with technology because parents have substituted these devices as babysitters. Many parents are afraid to let their children play outside without parental supervision, so they lure them inside with technology. We have become a culture of convenience. Children no longer walk to school or ride a bike. They no longer walk to the store or a friends house. No one gets up to change the channel on the television, Alexa shuts off the lights, and even household chores that children once did are being done more conveniently. Schools have also done away with physical activity. Because of liability and fear of injury many schools have cut out recess. More time in class improving academics less time engaging in physical activity. Physical Education has also been eliminated in many schools due to budget cuts. Children are left with no instruction on how to live an active healthy life. Childhood Obesity is a disease or condition that is caused by Nature but Nurture plays an important role in how our genetics react. Obesity tends to run in families and most likely has a genetic source. Yet there are many environmental influences that affect a childs weight. We must take into consideration that family members not only share genes but also consume the same diet and follow similar routines and have habits that may cause the child to become obese. Separating environmental factors from genetic factors is challenging. It is a known fact that we cannot change our genetic makeup, but we can change and control our environment. Some people can eat and not gain weight, others due to a slow metabolism must be very aware of their caloric intake; this is genetically controlled. Our body controls the metabolism and weight of thin people with the same basic organs and it does an obese person. It may be a hormone, or a protein, or body size and shape that makes one person larger that another. Knowing this we must adapt to our environment. Fast food chains, school cafeterias, grocery stores need to make healthy choices a major part of their advertising and choices. Parents and schools need to offer more opportunities for students to become active. A balance between what we consume and the amount of physical activity we engage in. Change will require tenacity, initiative and sometimes controversial tough decision making. It will take many people coming together to change a societys attitude towards a healthy lifestyle. Change will require parents, teachers, doctors, friends and family. We can no longer transfer the responsibility to whether a childs environment, nurture, has caused them to be obese or throw our hands in the air because genetics controls a childs weight, nature. It is both and society needs to commit to making a change. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-85909678661800413422020-05-18T11:40:00.001-07:002020-05-18T11:40:07.458-07:00Human Resource Planning Reflective Statement Business Essay - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3749 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In a perfectly competitive market if companies are to maximize profits, they need to manage their human resources better. An example can be cited to explain that better. Presuming the selling price of an article is $15. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Resource Planning Reflective Statement Business Essay" essay for you Create order If profits are to be maximized, prices cannot be increased because perfect competition exists. If the cost price of the article was considered to be $13, it is evident that the profits in such a case would be $2. The only way the company can maximise its profit is by cutting down on the cost of production of the article as the option of providing the same quality at an increased price is not a viable option. Since it is not feasible on its part to influence the prices of the raw materials, it is left with the only option of trying to influence its man-power to increase its efficiency and as such facilitating better and higher production. It is further to be noted that man power is the only cost-of-production factor which can be effectively and hugely influenced with a little better supervision. Introduction Human man-power are the most important wealth of an organization. The success or failure of an organization greatly depends on the ability of the people working therein. Without positive and innovative contributions from humans, companies cannot progress. If an organization wants to achieve its goals, they need to recruit people with the necessary skills, qualifications and experience (Jackson Schuler, 1995, Sparrow, Paul, et al 2004)). While doing so, they have to keep the present as well as the future requirements of the organization in mind. Human man-power is the most important wealth of an organization. The health of an organization can be largely attributed to the skill of the man-power currently employed by it . For the organization to be successful in the long run it has to be able to tap its man-power skills most cost-effectively . If it aims to be successful in the long run, the organization should be able to recruit the rightly qualified man-power and which it can fu rther train most cost effectively to achieve its dreams (Jackson Schuler, 1995, Sparrow, Paul, et al 2004)). Nevertheless, the organization aims and goals have to be always kept in mind while recruiting manpower. Targeted Training and Development The unending spirit of self-motivation amongst the manpower at Infosys and an organizational obligation to continuous self development keeps the company ahead in a fast-developing industry. This constant self development programme at Infosys is structured around a host of dedicated workshops for its employees (Infosys, 2010). These include key schemes such as the Infosys Leadership Institute and also various in-progress management development and personal improvement programs. A lot of training programs also include technological training to keep employees abreast with the latest technology.Ãâ The training plan provides a succession of efforts as employees advance their career. When an employee joins the company, he begins his training with an induction programme and later leadership trainings are given as and when they take more responsibilities. Training at Infosys includes the following: Technical training by Education Research department: The company has an entry-level technical training program, lasting 14 weeks. Academic institutions have certified this training as being of the level of a BS training in America. The Education Research (ER) department at Infosys provides many regular training sessions to middle level employees also. Quality Process Training: Quality is a major factor at Infosys and there are tailor made training programmes for specific role jobs such as Software Engineer, Programmer Analyst, etc. Personal Effectiveness and Managerial Programs:Ãâ The company also has training programs to improve the managerial skills and leadership abilities, achieve company goals and create high performing multicultural teams.Ãâ ILI: The Infosys Leadership System: The Infosys Leadership System (ILS) and the Infosys Leadership Institute (ILI) deal with the subject of continuous growth and helps create a system for developing leadership abilities in Infoscions.Ãâ ILI is based at an ultra modern building, in Mysore, India The learning mantra at Infosys has been to bestow the participants with the understanding to find the best result, instead of showing a single method of work and also to relate to real life conditions. They also encourage employees to undertake further studies with fee refund if they are eligible. The selected few 400 of the 58,409 employees identified as high potential Infoscions go through a three-year leadership journey that includes training, actionising personal development programme, communicating with other participants, understanding the company better and resolving real business issues. The note prepared by the ILI faculty enumerates the nine pillars for leadership development as (The Hindu, 2010): 1. 360 degree feedback In order to know about the ability of an employee and how he is performing, the company collects information from other employees in his department; both juniors and seniors and also from clients. With the help of this feedback, personal development plans (PDPs) are set for each employee and he is allocated an ILI faculty member who guides the individual on how to follow the PDP. 2. Development assignments On the basis of the above PDPs, employees with good capability are chosen and are entrusted jobs outside their department and areas of speciality. This helps them attain leadership skills beyond their existing areas of specialization. 3. Infosys Culture workshops Culture workshops are organized with a view to underpin the Infosys culture amongst the employees. These workshops also help employees improve communication skills because of continuous interaction amongst themselves. 4. Development relationships This exercise involves communicating on a one-to-one basis during work and mentoring is an essential part of this. This helps in improving communication among employees and also in sharing of knowledge. 5. Leadership skills training These exercises are conducted by top officials of the company including CEO and Managing Director and participants are the Tier 1 employees. These are held in order to inculcate leadership skills among them through the vast experience of the CEOs and Directors. 6. Feedback intensive programmes These programs are similar to 360 degree feedback, but there is one difference that these are based on both formal and informal responses obtained from other workers that the concerned employee interacts with. 7. Systemic process learning This exercise is conducted with a view to enable the participant to obtain a general understanding of the processes of the company and how it functions. This helps in improving the employees as also the systems. 8. Action learning This exposes the individual to on-the-job problems and involves solving the same, albeit as a team. 9. Community empathy The company realises the importance of fulfilling its obligations towards the society and justifies the same by organizing various socially motivated schemes both educational and developmental in nature. These programs cultivate a sense of responsibility amongst its leaders towards the society. Staffing Policies Apart from its regular staffing process which includes campus recruitment, advertisement on major job portals (monster.com, naukri.com and timesjobs.com) and internal recruitment it also goes in for temporary reinstatement of retired executives and staff that the company has already laid off if the company is not able to find a suitable candidate by the regular staffing methods. Also there is the Infosys Internship Program, Instep where students from schools such as Stanford Graduate School of Business, MIT Sloan School of Management, Harvard Business School and the Said Business School of Oxford have been competing to visit Infosys Bangalore campus. Infosys Technologies Ltd. recently announced its first large-scale plan to recruit 300 college graduates from universities in the United States and 25 graduates from the United Kingdom as part of an ongoing commitment to create a diversified, global workforce. In 2005 06, Infosys doubled the percentage of non-Indian employees, hiri ng more than 25 different nationalities (Karnataka, 2006). Infosys Technologies Ltd (Infosys) has been recognized amongst the top 16 Asian companies to be listed in the prestigious Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises (MAKE) study, 2009. Infosys has won the Asian MAKE award six times in the past and is one of the five Indian companies amongst the leading Asian corporations to have won the award this year (Infosys, 2010). Linking Corporate Strategy with HR Strategy Corporate Strategy HR Strategy Expand Geographically Creation of diverse workforce. The company has employees from 70 nationalities working across 90 countries. Providing best business solutions Employing the best quality human resources Vision To be a globally respected organisation that provides best of breed business solutions, leveraging technology, delivered by best in class people. The primary corporate strategy adopted by Infosys is globalization viz geographical diversification. It has very well linked this strategy to its HR strategy of creation of diverse workforce having over 91,000 employees from 70 nationalities working across 90 countries. Any company intending to be global mainly needs to focus on theirÃâà corporate culture.Ãâà Most companies have an ethno-centricÃâà corporate culture.Ãâà Initially when Infosys was small, it had all its clients and employees in India.Ãâà All its executives were and still are of Indian ethnicity. Therefore itsÃâà corporate culture is mainly influenced by Indian culture. When newer development centres are opened in other countries, the Indian corporate culture un-intentionally permeates and tries to inspire the local culture. If these two cultures are totally opposite, the company finds it difficult to maintains its leadership as it might tend to hamper the manpower productivity. As suc h, ethno-centricÃâà corporate cultureÃâà may restrain the aim of any company going global. Nevertheless, if it were to have executives at the top with different cultural background , this ethno-centric corporate culture can easily be managed and motivated to achieve the organisation goals. As such, Infosys needs to have multi-ethnic executives at its top level before it can concentrate on its ground-level multi-ethnic workforce.Ãâà That will have a long term and positive effect on the multi-cultural background workforce and help the organization in attaining a truly global nature.Ãâà That is theÃâà onlyÃâà way for Infosys or any other company to achieve globalization (IT Strategy, 2010). Ãâ Also, another corporate objective of Infosys is providing the best business solutions among all its competitors. In taking this strategy forward, the company being in a knowledge based industry, emphasizes on the quality of human resource. The company mostly recruits people with the best academic records, in other words the crà ¨me de la crà ¨me of the graduates. The major issues challenges faced by HR Manager are: Health Welfare, retirement, change management, compensation, Employee rewards, HR effectiveness measurement, HR technology selection implementation, industrial relations, Leadership development, Learning and development, Legal/Regulatory compliance, MA integration/restructuring, Organizational effectiveness, Outsourcing, Staffing: mobility of employees, Recruitment and availability of skilled local labour, retention and succession planning. Professor Ghoshals 3 P Approach (Ghoshal Bartlett, 1998) Todays leading companies are built around the three Ps of Purpose, Process and People. Leading from the forefront, men at the top have to inculcate organisational values amongst its workforce including the fact that the goal of the organisation is common and can be achieved only if was shared by all. It is utmost important that the complete workforce transpires to achieve this common goal by all doing their part/work to their best. As such the management has to actively and constantly thrive/work to continually self-motivate the work force and help them work to their potential while at the same time bringing it most clearly out in the open their own commitment towards achieving the common goal. In this process they help cultivate this feeling of self-importance amongst the work force. As Ghoshal states: You cannot have faith in people unless you take action to improve and develop them. He further emphasises that the achievement of the goals of a business entirely depends on t he skills and self-motivation of its manpower and to be able to achive such a situation, he further promotes the thought that organisations need to develop a new moral contract with their people.Ãâ True for Infosys!! The attitude of management towards their employees is the key factor here. Here is a company that gives utmost importance to its work force who they believe are the main people and because of which the company is on its pre-planned course to achieving its goals. As its saying goes Powered by Intellect. Driven by Values is absolutely true for this company. In order to be able to achieve its pre-planned objectives and critical strategies, Infosys believes in deploying the right candidates with the right skills at the right time and place. The existing work force is taken into account before it takes any initiative/steps to overcome the possibilities of man power shortage in the near future and which might hamper its aim to achieving its goals. It also takes into consideration alternative ways of organizing jobs for example Production at its helm could be handled by temporary workers or allowing the regular work force to work for extended hours. As regards to the supply of employees, it takes into account the effect of various HR programs on employees joining the company. It then determines how well the existing programs are doing before forecasting the need of additional programs. Accurate forecasting also plays an important role as their might be big gap between current HR situation and desired HR situation. Various uncertain-factors including new competitors, changes in technology, changes in social, political and economic climate, unstable product demand, etc., and factors which promote stability including competitive position, slow developing technology and stable product demand also play a key role helping the company to forecast. Hiring Strategy Infosys recruits candidates who have had a consistent background in their ac ademic life-time. For more skilled jobs, the knowledge of the required skill is the preferred selection criteria. The written test normally encompasses simple puzzles from books of renowned writer like Shakuntala Devi. The main criteria is for average communication skills and of-course the proper knowledge of the English Language. The Equity Continuum (TWI Inc., 2010). Though Infosys has full faith in its current top leaders, it has inducted into its future leadership program a group of 400 people, who have been selected from all over the globe, which it believes and intends to train to take over the helm of the company in the near future. This is in tune with the companys multi-ethnic employees culture where the only factor of consideration is the individuals skill and aptitude. Its diverse workforce of over 91,000 employees from 70 nationalities working across 90 countries rationalises its score of 5 on the Equity continuum. Armstrong (2006) outlines that the rewards such as employee benefits and non financial compensation are given in accordance withÃâ the employees contribution to the firm , skill level and their marketÃâ worth as dictated by current factors in the internal and /or externalÃâ environment . Infosys was one of the first companies in India to introduce an Employee Stock Option Scheme. The company intr oduced the iRace (Infosys Role and Career) program under which only those professionals who have proved their set-skills over a period of time are eligible for further promotions (Infosys 2010). However there were a few employees (about 5% of the total workforce), who did not co-relate with the initiative because they felt that there would be disheartenment among the fellow team members if this criteria was to be strictly followed. Besides at Infosys a few staff was demoted from their existing positions. This was a cause of resentment amongst quite a few of the workforce. In order to make it more appealing to a wider section of workers, the policy of demotion should be removed or done in the rarest of cases. Sources of Recruitment Internal Sources External Sources Promotions Campus Recruitment Internal Notification Job Portals Transfers -Management Training/Internships Recall Schemes Forced Applications The main recruitment processes at Infosys include cam pus recruitment, internship programme advertisement on major job portals (monster.com, naukri.com and timesjobs.com) and internal recruitment. Besides, the company also goes in for temporary reinstatement of retired executives and staff that the company has already laid off. Every IT graduate aspires to be a part of the Infosys team and the company employs the best people in the industry. Needless to say, the recruitment process is very good. Selection and Induction To select mean to choose. Selection is the process of picking persons who have applicable credentials to fit into relevant jobs in an organisation. The central purpose is to select the right candidate with the requisite set of skills most appropriate for a job. To fulfil this requirement, the company takes into consideration the candidates age, qualifications, skills, experience, etc. so as to match the required skill-set with the profile of the candidate. The be-fitting candidate is then selected from amongst all the aspiring. How well an employee is matched to a job is very important because it is directly proportional to the amount and quality of an employees work. The selection methods generally adopted by Infosys are preliminary interview, ability test with special stress on English proficiency, general aptitude test and final interview. The general aptitude test is similar to the GMAT taken at most B-Schools the difficulty level of which is quite high thus ensuring that th e best talent in the industry is recruited. Thus the organisations selection methods are of quite high standard. The disadvantage of such a selection process however is that, at times a great deal of time is lost before the right candidate can be employed for the position besides being a costly affair on the companys part. Instead of such a time consuming procedure, the company can resort to employing people from competitors in similar positions. Induction refers to the process of familiarisation with the organisation and settling into the job. The selection process is only the beginning of the employee-employer relation the future of which solely depends on how satisfyingly . Labour obsolesce is highest among newer recruits and the required efficiency is reached only after the candidate has adjusted well into his role and to his work environment. Success Factor Scale (1 to 5) Review the positioning of the induction 4 Coverage of the induction programme 5 App oint a mentor 4 Plan the induction and involve and inform others 5 Prepare the work area 5 Introduce the recruit to the organisation and the department 5 Emphasize the importance of organization policies and procedures 5 The induction programme at Infosys covers general organizational induction training, technical and departmental induction training as well as managerial executive induction training (wherever applicable). It is thus quite extensive and covers everything that a new recruit should know. The employee who is to be appointed as mentor is informed in advance and a mail about the induction is circulated within the department where the new employees have been recruited. Often the selected new recruit is sent to DC or Development Centres for a period ranging from 3-6 months whereby he/she works on live projects. In the general organizational induction training, the employee is given a rigorous training as regards the organization policies and pr ocedures. There is a three-tier mentoring process at Infosys (The Hindu, 2010) Tier-1 of the Infosys Management Council, which consists of the companys board of directors, mentors Tier-2 leaders who in turn guide the Tier-3 group. About 45 executives are a part of the companys Tier-1 of the management council. And each of the leaders undergoes exhaustive and sustained training through the companys personal development programme PDP. Infosys training programmes are designed to enable company professionals enhance their skill sets in tune with their respective roles. The spirit of improvement, constant individual and professional growth is most apparent in how the company manages its physical, technology, or human resources. Projects such as the Infosys Leadership Institute are targeted continuous managerial growth and personal improvement. A multitude of technology advancement and other training programs provide training to employees in explicit areas of know-how, manage ment, leadership and communication skills. Employees can also pursue their interests in areas such as arts, culture, or sports. Besides having an, Art Gallery which displays art made by employees of Infosys, there are daily quizzes and regular music gatherings that keeps creativity alive at work.Ãâ Inculcom hosts cultural programs for Infoscions. Apart from these, one can see food courts (offering Chinese, Indian, continental, etc). at Infosyss campus. Theres also a swimming pool, theres a library, internet access volley ball courts, tennis courts and the reason why all this has been done is the company believes in flexible work hours. InSync, an internal communication program focuses on keeping the Infoscion aware of the latest developments in the organization. Then there is the Toastmasters Club. It provides a platform for employees to develop communication and leadership skills. Such a relaxed atmosphere at work keeps the employees stress free and draws them more to work rather than being on leave. It also motivates them to perform better and with increased zeal and energy. However, too much of a relaxed attitude at work may lead to callousness and taking work also with the same easy going spirit. The founder of Infosys, Mr Narayan Murthy has a straightforward slogan for success keep your employees happy. He views that only those organizations can survive in the near future in which the work force shares a common goal with those of the organization (Express India, 2010). The company can do every possible thing under the sun to make its employees happy and flexible working is one such scheme. Especially for an employee who has kids or dependent parents to look after, such a scheme can ensure lifetime loyalty towards the organisation. However, this scheme is not free from disadvantages. For example a scheme such as work from home does not help cultivate the spirit of team work or working together as a team. Trainee employees are devoi d working alongside qualifies technicians. Providing equal opportunities is the fundamental part of the recruitment and selection process at Infosys. Applications are always encouraged from the under-represented groups of the society. Apart from a few solitude individual cases of labour lawsuits against the company where an India-born American citizen, is supposedly alleged that her bosses atÃâà InfosyssÃâà Fremont, California office discouraged her from taking day off on American holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas and refrained from paying her extra for working on a holiday according to California law, the Infosys has been practically devoid of any claims of discrimination. It can be said that the recruitment and selection process is pretty robust. As regards the dismissal process, it is said that Infosys is a company where employees can easily think of retiring. To be more precise, dismissals at Infosys have only been heard of at the initial selection stag es and once an employee has gone through the induction process, dismissal is a very rare phenomenon. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-87505525960371240412020-05-13T12:57:00.001-07:002020-05-13T12:57:03.863-07:00The Universe Ways in which Galaxies Interact Among Each... Within this cosmic pinball machine of a universe , there are many different types of interactions. Stars, gases, and dust all interact with one another . Dark matter halos and black holes also interact within galaxies. Even the Milky Way galaxy as stated by the Hubble Expansion of the Universe the universe is expanding at a steady rate, but as the universe expands it is not simply moving apart; many galaxies are, in fact, interacting with one another in a sort of cosmic pinball. There are many ways that galaxies interact with one another and some ways are better than others. A merger is one of the more violent of interactions, it occurs when two galaxies collide. They do not have the momentum to keep going and fall into one another eventually merging together completely ( Astronomy, 2009). The Antennae Galaxy is a swell example of a merger. The clash between the two has been extremely violent as stars have been ripped from their parent galaxy by the gravitational force of the other . The result is a long flowing arc of stars formed between the pair, creating long tidal tails that resemble antennae. Collisions are less violent than a merger .The major difference is that after a collision, the galaxies usually remain separate. Interactions are the least violent : the galaxies do not actually collide but instead simply become distorted or exchange gas and dust as a result of mutual gravitational attraction and through observation and theoretical evidenceShow MoreRelatedPhysics : Dark Matter, The Sun, Other Stars, And Galaxies1462 Words à |à 6 PagesThe visible universe- including Earth, the sun, other stars, and galaxies is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons bundled together into atoms (National Geographic, 2012). Astronomers use the term ââ¬Ëbaryonicââ¬â¢ to refer to all objects made of normal atomic matter, essentially ignoring the presence of electrons (Swinburne University, 2015). Baryons interact with each other through gravity, nuclear forces and the electrostatic force. These interactions are what allow baryonic matter (such as stars)Read MoreOrigin of the Un iverse4354 Words à |à 18 PagesThe Origin of the universeÃ⦠The Origin of the Universe by Bilal Qureshi Since the dawn of intelligent man, humanity has speculated about the origins of the universe. There is evidence, which indicates that the universe started around 15 billion years ago. This is probably theRead MoreA Study Of Dark Matter2591 Words à |à 11 PagesDark Matter Contribution to the Universe and Dark Matter Candidates Aditi Sharma, Boris S. Kalita, Harshit Sharma, Rohit Kumar Singla Abstract Dark Matter has been one of the most researched topic in the recent era of science. Even though we have observed e ects of this exotic entity, we are yet to understand its structural form. Thus we are forced to hunt for clues that would help in a better understanding of this component which forms 26:8% of the entire universe. 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From humble beginnings, astronomy has developed into a broad science that not only offers an understanding of the sun, moons, planets, starts and galaxies, but also the nature of the universe. The Milky Way GalaxyRead MoreStellar Evolution2855 Words à |à 12 Pagesevolution. The mass of a star determines the ultimate fate of a star. Stars that are more massive burn their fuel quicker and lead shorter lives. Because stars shine, they must change. The energy they lose by emitting light must come from the matter of which the star is made. This will lead to a change in its composition. Stars are formed fr om the material between stars, shine until they exhaust their fuel, and then die a predictable death based upon their initial mass. From atoms to stars UnderstandingRead MoreQuestions on Celestial Coordinate System Essay4837 Words à |à 20 Pagesbecause (a) the Earth rotates on its axis. (b) the Earth revolves around the Sun. (c) the tilt of the Earthââ¬â¢s axis changes. (d) their right ascensions constantly change. (e) their declinations constantly change. 2. A star cluster in which the individual stars do not show a striking central concentration nor an orderly pattern or structure is called (a) a thin cluster. (b) an open cluster. (c) a nebulous cluster. (d) a globular cluster. (e) a random cluster. 3. An averageRead Moresociology4813 Words à |à 20 Pagesespecially those which constitute the society of Hindu India.à the attributional approach to caste deals with its inherent qualities and features that identifies the whole caste system. hence every caste share these attributes as a part of their identity. attributional approach also tells us about the major features of the cates system and thus provides a analytical view relative to other forms of social stratification. as we know that caste system maintain hirarchiacal order that is each caste isRead MoreMultiverse4235 Words à |à 17 Pagesfree encyclopedia For other uses, see Multiverse (disambiguation). 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The rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-84243628005139357412020-05-06T20:39:00.001-07:002020-05-06T20:39:26.243-07:00Self Discipline Is A Classroom Management And Social /... Overview of Conscious Discipline Conscious Discipline is a classroom management and social/emotional intelligence program designed to empower both teachers and students in their daily lives.The program was developed by Rebecca Bailey, Ph. D, who made it her mission to ââ¬Å"find a better wayâ⬠for teachers to handle students in their classrooms. According to Bailey, Conscious Discipline shifts ââ¬Å"from a traditional compliance model of discipline to a relationship-based, community model,â⬠(2011, page 11). Bailey explains, the ââ¬Å"traditional model of discipline is founded on rules. The rules are upheld through consequences. The goal of the consequences is to obtain obedience. Those who are compliant are rewarded. Those who arenââ¬â¢t are punishedâ⬠¦ Fearâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Conscious Discipline is divided into four separate components, with each component building on one another to encourage ââ¬Å"academic, social and emotional success,â⬠in both teachers and students (Consc ious Discipline Brain State Model, n.d., para. 1). The framework for Conscious Discipline is the Brain State Model, which Bailey adapted from other theoristsââ¬â¢ work such as Bruce Perry, Daniel Siegel, Allan Schore, Louis Cozolino, Joseph LeDoux, Paul MacLean, and Alexander Luria (Conscious Discipline Brain State Model, n.d., para. 1). The Brain State Model helps educators understand how the brain and the body work in producing certain behaviors. With this knowledge, educators can consciously manage their own emotions and behaviors, and teach students to do the same thing. Bailey states, ââ¬Å"Research, as well as life experience, tells us our internal emotional states dictate behavior,â⬠(CITE, paragraph). The Brain State Model divides the brain into three different emotional states: the survival state, the emotional state, and the executive state. In a survival state of mind, where a person feels threatened and unsafe, all their mind can focus on is whether to ââ¬Å"flight, fight, or surrender.â⬠Likewise, in an emotional mindset, where a person feels unconnected and unloved, the person isnââ¬â¢t able to focus on anything but their need for connection. ââ¬Å"The executive state is the optimal state of problem-solving and learning,â⬠(BRAIN rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-55089817614311074722020-05-06T13:51:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:51:24.593-07:00The Technological Life Cycle Free Essays Today we swim in a sea of ever-changing technology that affects us as much as our thoughts and actions shape it. The technology we have chosen, either by the preferences of those who use it, or the agendas of those who own and benefit from it, has had its own influence on us from gross examples such as increased pollution, or a higher Western-style standard of living, to the way one person perceives another. Some people who resist using some, or even all technology; they are often called Luddites by those who embrace all things new; another type calls themselves Neo-Luddites, such as Kirkpatrick Sale. We will write a custom essay sample on The Technological Life Cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now In his book Human scale, Sale describes the slow rotting of the stones of the Parthenon and other ancient monuments to civilization from the acid pollution developed by our present Industrial civilization and compares it to the slow disintegration our industrialized society has seemed to have undergone. He identifies effects of technology which have been harmful to the human condition and the environment, but seems to not quite ââ¬Å"get itâ⬠about the Luddites: they were not fighting the machines themselves; they were struggling against powers of society that, for the past century, through enclosure and the abolishment of commonality [and the subsequent arisal of a class of people who lived by renting their labor: the working class] (Laslett, 195), had been seeking to disempower and disenfranchise the mass of people, and were now striking anew with the latest, and most powerful manifestation of their social policies, the Industrial Factory. The men of Nottinghamshire who died as Luddites were fighting a system, not a technology, a system whose intentions were not to cut costs and increase efficiency, but to increase the control of management (i. e. the control of the owners of capital) over labor. Technological developments are made by, and in the best interests of those who own those who own and benefit from technical innovations (Law, 195). The history of Industrial factory technology begins to appear as a collective fetish of the ruling classes for instruments of control. In American Industrial development, the direction of technological development since the Civil War has been driven by the largest customer of that Industry, the Military (Noble, 334), and the society that works in and uses the products of that Industry has been affected by that direction. But as to the woes of our civilization, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ Technology is not the problem, nor is it the solution. The problem is political, moral, and cultural, as is the solution: a successful challenge to a system of domination which masquerades as progress. â⬠Social power is needed to direct the resources necessary for technological innovation; so during the history of the Industrial Age, at the beginning, the machines were new, large, and expensive, so only those who controlled enough social power to bring about the machines could decide on what forms those machines came inââ¬â the wealthy, and the state, through the needs of the military. Less expensive and more efficient technologies were stifled by those in authority if they did not contribute to the goal of taking power away from the workers and placing it in the hands of management. In this century, the development of Numerically Controlled (N/C) machine tools was controlled by the emerging military-industrial complex, which spared no expense to implement a troublesome and complicated technology that was no better than the conventional methods, and inferior to the alternative Record/Playback automated machining (Noble, 146). The Boeing plant in Seattle even had special switches on the machines so the operators could signal the manager for permission to go to the bathroom! (Noble, 243) The engineers of the 1950ââ¬â¢s announced the dawning of a Second Industrial Revolution- one that would finalize the subjugation of labor- but instead that Revolution has come full circle: we presently have come to a break-even point where the products of the Industrial Age are now its undoing; mass-production and the unprecedented ability of modern electronic communication. Mass production was intended partially to maximise the usefulness of expensive machines through continuous production, but also to discipline workers who had to attend to the rigors of working with a machine that never took breaks, never slowed down, and never stopped for a stray finger or hand. The reduction in the prices of many goods due to mass-production has enabled the average citizen to afford many amenities which would have been beyond his means a century ago- including capital goods, which more and more tend not to be heavy machinery, but relatively inexpensive electronic devices. The Information Age is just beginning, and the control of information is the control of power, power to direct the next step of technological development. Once, publishing required printing presses, copious amounts of paper, and the ability to distribute printed matter, and thus the wealthy controlled the written word. Now, anyone with a computer and an Internet connection can make a Web page accessable to millions of people around the world. Scientists use this ultra-efficient electronic journal to advance their research (Stix, 106), and now, the explosion of popularity in the net brings together people of all different beliefs and motivations into the discussion that shapes society. Political ideas once suppressed by newspaper chains and television networks now filter through the strands of the Internet. In this new society, anyone who is interesting enough can be a star (Browning). Luddites are not afraid to use new technology- somethings are better done by them (Martinez). Power looms had been around before Jacquardââ¬â¢s innovation; for even a Luddite saw that it took much of the effort out of the work, and he could produce far more than with a conventional loom- but those machines amplified and extended the skills of the operator, instead of replacing them with punched cards. The center of the struggle through the ages never was machines, it always was, and still is information- the control of information- that is, skills and knowledge. Slavery devalues the enslaved, and desensitizes the enslavers. Free labor cannot compete fairly against slaves; this has been a fact since the beginning of history, and it applies whether the slaves are human or machines. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ Our discrimination against machines hurts us just as much as it hurts the machines that we confine, in a second-order way, to the mechanical margins of our human civilisation. â⬠(Law, 17) We prefer to think of ourselves as special, exclusively posessing self-awareness and intentionality, but what justifies our prejudice? ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ What entitles us to attribute intentionality to non-machines in the first place? What makes our description of human intentionality other than metaphorical? â⬠(Law, 91) We fear being dehumanised by being equated with machines, because our speciist biases tell us that the non-human is less than human, just as racism and sexism deny the humanity of those who are not like us- but we are in fact part machine ourselves! Our lives are a series of human/machine interactions, and each living half of society is dependent on the other. The machines are alive, and to deny that they When machines are not free, neither are men, and both suffer. As long as the controllers of the machines can reap profit from their labor, they will continue the fight to eliminate the wage-earning human worker, and as they push their human and mechanical robots to higher levels of production, their suffering will increase: for example, between 1940 and 1945, eleven times as many Americans were killed or injured in industrial accidents than in combat. In most factories, management requires production speeds that cause machines to break down more frequently, and prohibit proper repair of them when they do, causing them work less efficientlyââ¬â so they are run faster, forcing human workers to keep up with them, increasing accident and equipment failure ratesâ⬠¦ So long as the machines are enslaved, they, through no fault of their own, will be used to bludgeon the working class, and then cast aside as scrap. The time has come for human and machine robots to come together in common struggle for the rights of both. Machines have the right to fair compensation for labor rendered as production, for their proper maintenance and repair. It is the responsibility of those work most closely with, and operate the machines, to advocate their cause, to ensure the collection of just compensation, and to protect and maintain them in good mechanical health. We cannot wait for the grace of capitalists to give up their slaves; a revolution is called for- a revolution of capital from the state and the idle rich to those who actually work with it at a person-machine level. A naive faith in technologyââ¬â¢s power to improve our lives through easier and less work has led organized labor in this country to the sorry state it is now in, while the increased profits and leisure time have mostly gone to a corporate elite. Waiting for technological deliverance at the mercy of the social powers that control technology is futile- labor must become proactive and strive to liberate themselves from the Industrial system by liberating the machines from their capitalist slave-drivers. A new social movement is needed, to spread awareness of the rights of machines as well as of men, and to help build a new class of capitalist/workers, who do not merely own their own means of production, but work together with machines towards a better future. How to cite The Technological Life Cycle, Essay examples rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-22457745160592481292020-05-06T03:44:00.001-07:002020-05-06T03:44:07.987-07:00How Anyone Can Develop Servant Leadership in His/ Her Life Question: How you can develop servant leadership in your life. Answer: Introduction: A word servant leadership is basically a timeless concept which is coined by Robert K. Greenleaf in A Servant as Leader. This concept was focused in the year of 1970. This concept of servant leadership includes a style of leadership that is categorized and described by contemporary management aspects. A servant leadership generally leads by serving oars. Therefore, it can be said that a servant leadership includes a place of interest and require of air followers to relate with air own self-interests and requirements (McCann et al., 2014). A servant leadership predominantly focuses on a growth and a well-being of a people and communities to which they belong to. A servant leadership phenomenon includes a power that required by oars, primarily to help with a development of a people and to perform as efficiently as possible. A servant leadership is a typical philosophy that set propaganda on a leadership practices. A traditional leadership generally includes an accumulation of an exercise of a power producing of a top of a pyramid (Chan et al., 2014). Discussion: Focused characteristics of a servant leadership include an acknowledgment and a prospective of people. A democratic servant leadership has an outlined relationship with a Transformational leadership. Therefore, it can be said that a servant leadership is a problematic and a crucial factor comprising of a hierarchical, autocratic and a cultural measurement where managers and leaders are accepted to perform and generate all a decisions. A servant leader struggles to earn respect. It is generally highlighted with 5 levels of leadership, which may include a demonstration in a way ay perform air work. The factors which are included in becoming a good servant leader are: listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to a growth of people, the building of a community, etc. (Liden et al., 2014). Listening: This includes compact attention by proving an efficient listening skill. This also includes the entire commitment that people should comprise with intentions and a prospective for maintaining a leadership relationship. Empathy: Servant leaders upgrade themselves to understand the intensions and prospective of different people. Before the needs of the people, a strong empathic move is included in approaching situations of their open mind (Lehman, 2016). Healing: This factor includes an emotional health and a wholeness of people, which involves a support in both ways, physically as well as mentally. This factor mostly highlights on knowledge and a support and resources, to make a location a healthy work place. It portrays a positive impact on people that required by customers to be served. Self-awareness: Self-awareness is an ability of self-estimation, which includes deep emotions and behavior. A self-estimation focuses on strengths, and weakness and surveying a feedback of an oar people on am. It also includes in controlling and managing emotions including different actions and behavior that might affects others. Persuasion: A leaders of servants use this factor called persuasion. It encourages people to take actions it also helps in building consciousness of a group of people. At a time when an expert prevails to perceive as an expert who eventually inspire them. Conceptualization: It includes characteristics of ability to "dream the great dream", which generally includes an organizational strategies. It also includes a creation of mission and vision of a statement. Foresight: Foresight is a phenomenon of describing a future on some experiences of past. Stewardship: It includes taking responsibility for actions and performance of a respective team. Its main focus is to manipulate the role of the team members that plays significantly in an organization (Schwepker et al., 2015). Commitment to a growth of people: A servant leader is committed towards the personal and professional development of the members of the organization. Building of a community: This is the last characteristic which portrays a way to become a good servant leader. It encourages a person to take responsibilities for different works. It also reminds of a contribution and success including overall objectives of the respective organization (Parris et al., 2013). A servant leader eventually consumes a role as servant, which is taken to an extreme level. This may be the definition as "a servant leader, who would meet you at your car, opens a door for you, and welcomes you to your office. It also includes, serving the coffee in a middle of a day. In other hands, he might assist you to a project, or someone to grunt a work with, and you need to sit back in a relax note with a strong support of a servant leader, waiting for you at your service (Panaccio et al., 2015). The best way to understand and think the concept of the servant leaders is efficiently is seen in the posts of the famous historical leaders that fit the model. The easiest example may include Jesus Christ, which is described as the four gospels of the holy Christian religion. On contrary another figure matches with the prototype, is the Dalai Lama, respectively. Richard Murphy is another powerful example of servant leadership for all the social entrepreneurs, innovators as well as the leaders (Brar et al., 2014). It is the only time for the success of the servant leader when the people barely know he exists. Richard Murphy created the youth services in the 1990s, and had hired a youth map out their neighborhoods and created opportunities to the people (Brar et al., 2014). Conclusion: Therefore, it may be concluded that servant leadership is a process and phenomenon of a servant leader to think and lead with others in their mind. A servant leadership also motivates people to make service to other people. The servant leadership is the entire process which cultivates a culture of trust and helps people with life issues. It is important to offer different opportunities for the personal development before the job. Therefore, it serves as a motivational and trust-worthy communicative process of a servant leader, to produce efficient and successful work. References: Brar, M. A. S., Variava, M. F., Brar, M. S. S. (2014). LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MANAGEMENT SOCIAL SCIENCE,2(2), 161. CH Chan, S., Mak, W. M. (2014). The impact of servant leadership and subordinates' organizational tenure on trust in leader and attitudes.Personnel Review,43(2), 272-287. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Liao, C., Meuser, J. D. (2014). Servant leadership and serving culture: Influence on individual and unit performance.Academy of Management Journal,57(5), 1434-1452. McCann, J. T., Graves, D., Cox, L. (2014). Servant leadership, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance in rural community hospitals.International Journal of Business and Management,9(10), 28. Panaccio, A., Donia, M., Saint-Michel, S., Liden, R. C. (2015). 16. Servant leadership and wellbeing.Flourishing in Life, Work and Careers: Individual Wellbeing and Career Experiences, 334. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), 377-393. Schwepker, C. H., Schultz, R. J. (2015). Influence of the ethical servant leader and ethical climate on customer value enhancing sales performance.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,35(2), 93-107. Lehman, D. (2016). A Case Study Describing How Servant Leadership Attributes Impact Superintendent Longevity and Leadership Styles (Doctoral dissertation). rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-89714787207059796072020-05-04T23:38:00.001-07:002020-05-04T23:38:03.434-07:00Sustainable Business Practices Report for Kmart Corporation Company Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Business Practices Report for Kmart Corporation Company. Answer: Introduction An organization sustainable business development usually involves the application of sustainability principles to a company or organization business operations. A sustainable business, therefore, is any company or organization that participates in environmentally friendly or green activities with the aim of ensuring that all the business processes, products, and manufacturing activities adequately address the current environmental concerns (Goralski Luoma, 2016). Sustainability in most cases can be seen in three different categories including ecological sustainability, social sustainability, and sustained economic growth. Sustainable business movements have been developed as a major component of the broader movement towards greater corporate social responsibility. Eco-efficiency is a term used in understanding sustainability in business organizations and has been used to describe an organizational goal with respect to the environment. This concept of eco-efficiency is therefore achi eved by companies or organizations by delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life while on the other hand reducing the possible ecological impacts and resource intensity through the business life cycle to make them become in line with the earth estimated carrying capacity (Painter-Morland et al. 2016). This report, therefore, seeks to provide an understanding of the overview of Kmart Corporation Company in New Zealand in terms of its sustainability practices and the available sustainability concepts and models in the current corporate world. Overview of the Kmart Corporation Company The Kmart Corporation Company has been largely recognized as the best shopping company in New Zealand. The company was established in 1899 as a joint venture between G.J Coles and S.S. Kresge Company and runs over 240 grocery and shopping stores across the Australia and 20 stores in New Zealand. The company has been striving towards sustainable operations an idea that has formed a big part of the organization thinking ((Schuler et al. 2017). The company has a nationwide network of supermarkets, four distribution centers, three processing plants and to support offices and therefore the goal of the company towards sustainability has been reducing environmental impact during the process of business growth and this initiative has meant concerted efforts across all areas of the business. The company introduced more energy by reducing electricity consumption and green house emission and aims to increase this effort to see a 30 percent reduction by the year 2020. The company has therefore w on the 2015 Energy Star Partner Award of the year for their work in increasing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions (Farias Farias, 2016). However, the company has great opportunities for even improving their business sustainability and achieves business growth as well. Kmart Corporation Company Sustainable Practices Increase in Energy savings and Carbon Emission goal One of the sustainable practices that the company has been practicing has been through the Carbon emission reduction and energy savings goal. The Energy Star Awardin which the company won in 2015 or was recognized for seeks to recognize the outstanding contributions made by various individuals, organizations, businesses and communities to protect and enhance New Zealand environment (Kortmann Piller, 2016). The company was therefore awarded due to its efforts in reducing carbon emissions despite the increase in the company production activities as well as sales. This reduction as mentioned earlier was achieved through an energymanagement focus to drive operational excellence the introduction of energy efficient systems in the market. This move has seen the company work towards increased resource productivity. This refers to getting more goods or services from less material or energy or energy. The company had been relying on the traditional green business of recycling and waste manag ement. The method of increased resource productivity helps the company save money because the less the energy and materials used, the lower their operating cost (Nambiar Chitty, 2014). Waste reduction, diversion and management Waste from the company business operations can be problematic in several ways. In most cases, waste disposal has been said to be very costly to the business while some of the waste materials are hazardous if an industrial process is wasteful by extension it also means that the company input costs will equally be high (Pryshlakivsky Searcy, 2017). The company has therefore committed itself to a waste diversion goal of 75 percent. It has also established remanufacturing strategy in which the remanufacturing is said to be the process whereby several businesses are using the technique to reduce wastemanagement and obtain more productivity from what they produce. Therefore waste reduction in the company through efficient material use and wastemanagement has helped the company or their business practices become more sustainable (Sacco et al. 2014). Recycling waste materials or products Recycling has been one of the outstanding sustainability practices conducted by Kmart Corporation Company. The company has been recycling a variety of material used throughout the company operations (Herremans et al. 2016). The company recycling cardboard as well as their plastic wrap has increased over the years by 4 percent to around 152 000 tonnes of wastes which shows that the company recycling tonnage is currently at 26 percent as provided in a report of 2015 by the company and has also developed. The company is also developing more sustainable and suitable packaging options for their products. Due to this fact, the company in 2015 introduced new recyclable plastic containers which can be used by their shoppers in all their stores (Yadava Sinha, 2016). The developed packaging trays are made from food-grade recycled PET commonly referred to as RPET (recycled polyethylene terephthalate). Therefore the companys continued efforts to improve its recycling capacity have led to the de velopment of sustainable business by the company. Reduction in use of plastic bags Plastic bags have been one of the most pollutants of the environment and have been hindering the development of sustainable business practices. Kmart Corporation Company has therefore developed a strong stack record on taking action on plastic in a way that works for the company customers and also minimize the impact on the environment (Rego et al. 2017). The company through the corporate responsibility and sustainability report has increased its efforts by continuously working towards social and environmental sustainability by encouraging their customers to reduce the use of plastic bags by bringing their own reusable bags or purchasing reusable bags in the company store. The company has reported an increase of 130 percent on the sale of reusable bags which shows that their customers are choosing to use less plastic bags. The company has also developed some soft plastic recycling bags which are available in 130 of the company 184 stores in New Zealand. The implementation of ISO 14001 By Kmart Corporation Company The management of the company has decided to implement ISO standards in their bid to improve on their business sustainability practices. ISO 14001 are the internationally standards that have been set and agreed upon as requirements for an effective environmental management system(Rajput Jhawar, 2015). These standards are designed to help improve the organizational environmental sustainable practices or management through facilitating a more efficient use of resources and waste reduction which enables the organizations to gain a competitive advantage over her competitors and gain the trust of their stakeholders. The ISO 14001 standards are considered to be suitable for all organizations and require the organization to consider all environmental issues relevant to its operations. Kmart Corporation Company had been engaging in sustainability mechanisms which were not certified such as through their company recycling policies and waste management policies. These were only instituted company policies and were not in accordance with the international sustainability and environmental management standards(Haffar Searcy, 2017. The company practices of carbon reduction efforts as well energy consumption reduction mechanisms as well the most effective company sustainable practice of waste diversion all were certified and therefore the practices could not be measured and compared with other those of other international companies in which they could have helped the company gain a competitive advantage and even receive more awards. Therefore the practices of waste management, reduction of carbon emission as well as the energy consumption were great ideas of business sustainability however they were against the standards of the ISO 14001 as the practices were not certifi ed and had no basis or standards of measurements which could have been used to determine the organization compliance with the current statutory and regulatory requirements (Sacco et al., 2014). Suitable practices based on models of sustainability Transition to renewable energy by the company One of the greatest and most hazardous elements of environmental degradation is the emission of carbon from fossil fuel. The effects don not only affect the business growth but also bear significant impact on the environment and the people living in it (Bradshaw Zwick, 2016). Therefore there has been a growing need for businesses in the modern corporate world to transition to the use of renewable energy due to the inability of the current energy supply to meet the increasing business demands and also due to the fact that the world has begun to experience the end of the fossil fuel era. Many businesses including the Kmart Corporation Company can respond to this effect by reducing their dependence on fossil fuel and increased the use of solar energy, wind and any other renewable source of energy that will be environmentally conscious and friendly. The extended producer responsibility sustainability initiative There have been profound changes in the corporate world and our case study company has not been left behind on how businesses provide goods and services through the current extension of the producer responsibility beyond the sale of the product (Marques, 2017). This has helped the company improve on their product production decisions as they look into the future impact of the manufactured product. The extended producer responsibility has helped the company therefore to become much more interested in the design of their goods because once the useful life of the good is over, the goods come back to the producer and therefore increases the producer interest in designing goods that are either biodegradable or recyclable and hence promote sustainability and business growth. This has influenced the company in designing special packaging trays for certain products which then come back and are recycled for other uses in the company and has resulted in improved waste management and business s ustainability (Borland et al. 2016). Accountability for the environment Business organizations and companies are been called to be accountable for their practices towards the environment. This is because sustainable business development is one aspect of the growing interest in the corporate social responsibility (Rajput Jhawar, 2015). The company can, therefore, develop its unique triple bottom line or supplementary environmental report formats which includes or covers the financial, environmental and social performance of a business. Such reporting framework help in environmental and sustainability assessment of a business and therefore it establishes important explicit standards of performance measurements which can be through a single business entity or through an agreement with different businesses to use specific standards in measuring business sustainability. However future actions are needed to attain sustainable business development in the company towards a sustainable economy (Shank Shockey, 2016). The company has however obtained green certifi cation through engaging in green programs which aim at creating sustainable businesses and platforms for economic growth. The green certification is an important step in moving to a more sustainable economy. However vigorous standards are needed with respect to sustainable ecological scale. The certification standards need to become the culture or the norm of the company either through the established legislation or through a social or market incentives. Maori perspective of sustainability The Maori perspective is a myth used to explain the relationship between people and their surrounding environments. The ideology behind his school of thought is that environmental resources should be conserved as they act as gifts or treasures for the current and future generations (Yang Lin, (2014). He argues that it is important for the Maori leaders of tomorrow to be aware of their unique relationships with the environment and of the ways in which the long-term sustainability of the environment, society, the economy as well as cultural values. In his perspective the conservation and protection which is a culturally sustainable management mechanism he argues that conserving and protecting the natural environment promotes community awareness of inherent values within the environment. He is also of the view that everything in the world is connected to sea, land, and air whereby the relationships between people and the environment are all part of this larger whole and argues that a h ealthy environment equally translates to a healthy people (Thomas, 2016). In an example, mauri provides that a positive relationship between humans and a river would be evidenced by human land management practices that enable the river to maintain and enhance its mauri which would result in its life generating capacities being maintained (GoralskiLuoma, 2016). The mauri people are also maintained through the provision of food and other resources to the humans from the river. Through maintaining the mauri the river, the mana and dignity of the river are seen to be maintained as well as that of the people. Such analogy of perspective is therefore very important to understanding the relationship between the environment, business activities and even human and therefore the relationship existing between the people and the environment is ensuring sustainability of business practices (Frauman, 2017). The company can, therefore, imply this perspective with the understanding that when one goal either of sustainable environment it translates to equal goals in the gr owth of the business. Critical analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the sustainable practices used by Kmart Corporation Strengths- the use of the carbon foot goal strategy of ensuring sustainable business practices ensures that the company can control all the carbon emissions from the business and therefore promotes the growth of a carbon-free environment which improves not only the economic life but the social lives of people. The reduction in the use of plastic bags helps in maintaining a conducive environment and provides a platform for innovation for the company to come up with reusable bags (Frauman, 2017). The reusable bags help in reducing costs to consumers of certain products and helps the businesses generate more revenue through sales hence growth. Through waste management, the company can reduce costs due to remanufacturing of products as the output of one process can be used as material in another process. When the company also transitions to use of renewable energy the company can reduce the effects of fossil fuel to the environment which are hazardous to human life. Weaknesses the sustainability practices adopted by the company, however, have major weaknesses in that the implementation of the carbon emission reduction goal as well as the production of reusable bags and transitioning to use of renewable energy may bring additional cost effects to the company. This will, in turn, affect the financial growth of the company yet for sustainability in business practices the company should make sure that the triple bottom line of the business is achieved which seeks to address the financial, environmental and social sustainability. Opportunities- the development of sustainability initiatives in the company presents more opportunities for business growth through improved business social responsibility which improves the business corporate image. It also provides the company to become more innovative in coming up with sustainability mechanisms such as the development of the reusable bags or the soft plastic bags which are used for packaging some products like the summer fruits such innovations help the company to grow in terms of being a problem solver through the provision of effective solutions. The opportunities open up the business and therefore create an avenue for business growth. Threats the company strives to achieve sustainability in its operations may also encounter threats resulting from different bodies in the society. Some of these threats may include the government legislation rules and taxes governing the environmental policies. There may be a restriction on development of soft plastic bags by the government or even total ban of the use fossil fuel which the company is still using and therefore may encounter the risk of adopting renewable energy which may increase their financial costs. Transition to renewable sources due to the increasing demand and the shortage of supply of the renewable sources of may affect the growth strategy of the company as well as its ability to meet the demands and expectations of their customers. Recommendations The Kmart Corporation Company has been doing great in the development of sustainable business practices. However, other than the usual tradition green practices of recycling and waste management through waste diversion it should seek to develop other mechanisms which will help the company achieve its objective been truly sustainable (Cranmer, 2015). The recommended initiatives include the discussed suitable sustainability practices such as the transition to renewable energy in their production and operational activities, it is also important to extend the company producer responsibility, adopt the being green buy green strategy as well as being accountable to the environment. These together with the existing strategies and initiatives can help the company achieve its sustainability goals. Conclusion The development of business sustainability is therefore very important in ensuring that the business growth and meets its environmental as well as social obligations. The growth motive where business would only focus on their profitability is outdated and the in the modern corporate world where competition has become the order of the day businesses need to develop effective sustainable practices to create that unique feature of the business that will help them retain their customers and grow confident with their stakeholders (Zeidan et al. 2015). Businesses, however, need to get over the traditional sustainability practices of recycling and waste management to more innovative practices which will bring value creation to the company as well to their clients and the society at large (Haffar Searcy, 2017). It is therefore important or the business organizations to make sustainable development as their key policies in their organizations and lay down an effective framework to implement t he strategies and initiatives. References Borland, H. h., Ambrosini, V. v., Lindgreen, A. l., Vanhamme, J. j. (2016).Building Theory at the Intersection of Ecological Sustainability and Strategic Management. Journal Of Business Ethics, 135(2), 293-307 Bradshaw, A. a., Zwick, D. (2016). The Field of Business Sustainability and the Death Drive: A Radical Intervention. Journal Of Business Ethics, 136(2), 267-279 Cranmer, L. (2015). Corporate responsibility and the idea of the firm.Scholedge International Journal Of Management Development, 2(10), 23-40. doi:10.19085/journal.sijmd021003 Farias, G., Farias, C. (2016). Sustainability: Opportunity or Responsibility?. Competition Forum, 14(1), 54-64 Frauman, E. (2017). Environmentally Sustainable Practices Among College Outdoor Programs and Their Association With Organizational Support Structures. Journal Of Outdoor Recreation, Education Leadership, 9(2), 152-166 Goralski, M. A., Luoma, P. (2016). Competitiveness and Sustainability in a Changing Global Landscape: The Business Strategy Game Simulation. Competition Forum, 14(1), 89-102. Goralski, M. 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(2016).Scoring Sustainability Reports Using GRI 2011 Guidelines for Assessing Environmental, Economic, and Social Dimensions of Leading Public and Private Indian Companies. Journal Of Business Ethics, 138(3), 549-558 Yang, M. M., Wei, Y., Lin, L. (2014).Integration of Industrial Ecology Approaches into Business Practices. Journal Of Industrial Ecology, 18(5), 670-676. doi:10.1111/jiec.12198 Zeidan, R. r., Boechat, C., Fleury, A. (2015).Developing a Sustainability Credit Score System. Journal Of Business Ethics, 127(2), 283-296. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-17223597163102109602020-03-30T17:42:00.001-07:002020-03-30T17:42:02.229-07:00Best Buy Case Study Essay Essay ExampleBest Buy Case Study Essay Essay Example Best Buy Case Study Essay Essay Best Buy Case Study Essay Essay Best Buy is a transnational corporation with over 4. 000 locations countrywide. Circuit City was Best Buyââ¬â¢s merely chief competition for some old ages until it took over and ran Circuit City out of concern. Best Buyââ¬â¢s market portion increased after that nevertheless. other big retail merchants every bit good as e-tailers entered into the market. Amazon. Target. Wal-Mart and Apple became Best Buyââ¬â¢s new competition that caused a lessening in market gross revenues in 2010. They all had the same thing in common after the Circuit City prostration and that was to increase electronics. They all had their ain schemes to out-beat Best Buy. Although Best Buy acquired some more competition in a 2010 study consumers still said Best Buy is the first to come to mind when they think about purchasing electronics. However. even though Best Buy is the first that comes to mind against the other rivals. depending on what the merchandise is they will travel to Amazon to purchase it a lternatively. Due to their scheme which focuses on three countries ; customer-centricity. employment policies and sole stigmatization. they are maintaining up with the competition. Best Buyââ¬â¢s schemes may assist them a bulk of the clip but they could alter their schemes merely a small spot. They should seek what Wal-Mart does and monetary value lucifer ads with other shops so that manner they are still acquiring the net incomes and maintaining clients. In my sentiment. Best Buy could better their scheme when it comes to monetary values because they are on the higher terminal of monetary values. As a consumer myself. I do look at Best Buy foremost for my electronics but I normally go someplace else because the monetary values are normally cheaper. Other than their monetary values I really think their schemes are working out good for them and it shows in their rankings amongst other rivals. Consumer electronics is considered a mature industry because of the new tendencies. This industry hits record gross revenues during the vacation seasons but still says instead good throughout the twelvemonth every bit good. All companies associated with this industry attempt to maintain up so they make their ain merchandises. However. due to industries cannibalising their merchandises their merchandise life rhythm has decreased. Industries started making this to seek to maintain their consumers trueness. When monetary values start to fall for engineering merchandises this opens a bigger demographic ; nevertheless by clip the monetary values autumn for the merchandises they have come up with better merchandises. In order to recapture the growing of Best Buy they should seek to repair the monetary values to suit a bigger demographic. I think if they at least attempt to work with the consumers with the monetary values they would derive more clients. The job is the fact that consumers go elsewhere when they see the monetary values and do a monetary value lucifer. Amazon became popular with electronics because people found out that they could acquire electronics of all sorts online. Besides Amazon has an advantage over Best Buy because with Amazon there is free transporting on merchandises. good on most merchandises. I think if Best Buy tried to accommodate some of Amazonââ¬â¢s scheme they can out crush them in the electronics section. If they could be like Amazon and have a illimitable stock list online instead than merely hold their sum of handiness on the salesroom. If they did this I think they would see growing in their company. They pride their egos in holding the most well-thought-of name trade names in the consumer electronics industry so if they matched the monetary values with their pride in their trade names I see a definite growing in their company. With Best Buy being a well-known company and is the first that comes to mind when speaking about electr onics. if they had a bigger pick when it came to the merchandises than they might derive some more growing every bit good to travel along with their already loyal client base. At Best Buy. they offer a choice of energy-efficient merchandises. These merchandises were designed to assist their clients around the universe salvage some more money by utilizing less energy. I think with Best Buy going more sustainable they are more able to keep the involvement of the stakeholders. With these merchandises the stockholders play a large function in act uponing their overall sustainability scheme. The stakeholders help with patterning Best Buyââ¬â¢s one-year sustainability studies. So with them adding this scheme and leting the stakeholders to acquire the opportunity to hold a portion in the scheme they are deriving their involvement. Best Buy really takes the recommendations from their stakeholders and they try to pass on with them in attempts to maintain their involvement in their determination to integrate a sustainability scheme. I think this was a good move on their portion because it states they were unsure about Mr. Dunnââ¬â¢s five twelvemonth growing sc heme. The stakeholders were worried about Best Buyââ¬â¢s hard currency place and about if these schemes would work or non. Anytime when stakeholders have the chance to hold a so in a company is a good thing. In decision. I believe Best Buy is a great company but can go a better one if they were to make some alterations with their schemes. With the invariably altering economic system they need to accommodate their schemes to the alterations. Iââ¬â¢m non stating they would hold to ever alter their schemes but I think they should ever seek their best to do their schemes fit the clients every bit good as aid the success of the company. With that being said I believe they will have even better consequences for the company every bit good as the consumers. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-16282626135107565712020-03-07T14:12:00.001-08:002020-03-07T14:12:03.429-08:00Formality on ACT English Strategies and TipsFormality on ACT English Strategies and Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You wouldnââ¬â¢t wear a tux on a first date or jeans to a wedding. The ACT also tests you on whether or not you understand what level of formality is appropriate in different circumstances. Read on to learn more about one of the most unusual topics covered on the ACT! Formality questions are some of the least common on ACT English, so you shouldn't be too concerned about this topic. Nonetheless, in this article, I'll cover everything you need to know to tackle any formality questions you might see: What is formality and how is it tested on the ACT? The"normal" level of formality on the ACT Key signs of a formality error Examples of formalityissues Top tips for tackling formality questions on ACT English What Is Formality on the ACT? ââ¬Å"Formalityâ⬠refers to the idea that different textsare written with different audiences in mind, sosome are more casual whileothers are more formal. Usually, ACT English passages are written very similarly to a textbook or a newspaper article. You will notice that the author usually doesn't talk as if the reader is his best friend nor does he speak as if drafting a speech to read in front of Congress. The key to formality questions is that your answer choicesshould follow the patterns laid out by the original author. What Do "Normal" ACT English Passages Look Like? Passages on the ACT fall into the middle of the formality scale. There are two main types of passages that you will see: factual/historical passages and personal narratives. The example belowis what a factual/historical passage looks like. You will notice that it is written in a very straightforward fashion, similar to what you might see in a high school textbook or a newspaper. Benjamin Banneker, African American inventor and astronomer, grew up on his family's farm in colonial Maryland. Though he had limited access to formal education, Banneker nevertheless demonstrated a keen curiosity and a consuming interest in acquiring knowledge. The personal narratives may seem slightly more casual than the factual/historical passages: they are written in the first person (using the pronoun "I") and include more contractions. However, overall they're still in the middle on the formality scale. If you see overly casual language, such as slang, it will also be incorrect here. I live with my father in the summer, when I'm on vacation from school. Last week, he told me he had to go on a business trip in connection with his work and that I'd be staying with his sister for three days. Although I love my aunt, I wasn't happy about the prospect of three days at her house with nothing to do. It turns out I was in for a surprise. Now that you know what ACT English passagesshould look like, let's discuss why formality questions can be difficult and some strategies to attack them. What Makes Formality Questions Difficult? Formality questions can trip up some test takers because they are all about style, not grammar. In fact, the incorrect answer choices for these questions will usually be grammatically correct! Furthermore, there are no specific rules you can learn that will let you answer these questions correctly every time. Understanding the formality level of writingis a skillthat you acquire over the long term, through reading lots of different kinds of documents in English and learning how people communicate to different audiences. As such, these questions arelikely to be most difficult for non-native speakers of English. Despite the challenges posed by formality question, there are some signs you can look for in order to see if a phraseor sentence is written too casually and is therefore incorrect. What Are Some Signs of Overly Casual Language? The following types of language generally signal an overly casual style and, thus, a wrong answer: Slang.Slang isa word or phrase that has a cultural meaning different fromits literal meaning. Examples include "cool," "sketchy," and "crush." Vague language.Ideas could be expressed much more clearly and directly, with more detail. Wordy language.Oftentimes, casual language will take more words than necessary to make a point. Unnecessary commentary.When an author writes casually, they may alsoadd unnecessary comments, such as personal thoughts or opinions about the topic. Beware of slang. What Are Some Examples of Formality Issues? Here is an example of a few sentences written with mid-level formality, whichis the type of writing that is normal on ACT English. Although Tolstoy preached abstinence to his many followers, he actually had thirteen children of his own. His wife, Sofia, was offended by his stories that insulted their married life and implied that she had been unfaithful to him. And here are the same sentences written more casually. If you see something written this casually, it will always be incorrect on ACT English. Tolstoy told his followers that they shouldnââ¬â¢t have lots of kids, but actually he had a load of his own. Unfortunately for him, his wife, Sofia, got pissed off when he implied through a story that their marriage was a sham and that she had been messing around. Can you spot the key signs mentioned above? Slang: ââ¬Å"a load of his own," ââ¬Å"got pissed off," ââ¬Å"messing aroundâ⬠Vague and lacking detail: ââ¬Å"a load of his ownâ⬠Wordiness: ââ¬Å"that they shouldnââ¬â¢t have lots of kidsâ⬠instead of ââ¬Å"abstinenceâ⬠Unnecessary commentary: ââ¬Å"Unfortunately for himâ⬠The ACT wonââ¬â¢t usually be this obvious with their errors. But now that you know what mistakes to look for, keep an eye out when you think youââ¬â¢re being asked a formality question! Top Tips for Formality Questions on ACT English #1: Remember that all ACT passages will be in the middle on the formality scale. While it's technically possible for a passage to be written more formally or casually,we have never seen an example of this actually occurring on the ACT. #2:Eliminate grammatically incorrect answers first. Formality questions are extremely rare, so you shouldn't rule out answers based on their level of formality until you're certain there aren't any other errors in the choices. Always focus on grammatical errors and more common style errors like redundancy and relevancefirst, and only worry about using formality to narrow down your choices if you don't see those other types of issues. #3: Cross out any answers that strike you as overly formal or overly casual. If you're reading a sentence that sounds like something you might say to a friend, then it iscasual. These choices may strike you as colloquial and friendly, or may use the signs of casual language that we discussed above. If you see an answerchoice with these qualities, it will be incorrect. On the flip side, if a sentence or answer choice seems quite stuffy and high-brow for the ACT, then it'soverly formal.These options will also beincorrect because they don't match the rest of the passage. #4: Re-read the sentence with your answer choice. Does it seem to flow? Make sure that your answer seems to fit in with the rest of the sentence. Remember passages will be written in the middle of the formality scale. Letââ¬â¢s Look at an Example Together In 1970, the school board in Pittsfield, New Hampshire, approved a dress code that prohibited students from wearing certain types of clothing. The school board members believed that wearing ââ¬Å"play clothesâ⬠to school made the students inefficient toward their school work, while more formal attire established a positive educational climate. A. NO CHANGEB. lazy and bored to tears withC. blow offD. lax and indifferent toward As I'm reading through this passage, it feels like it is at a standard formality level for the ACT. The language is not overly complex and flowery nor is it extremely casual. Letââ¬â¢s start withthe underlined section. ââ¬Å"Inefficient towardâ⬠is idiomatically incorrect, so A is out. (Idiomatic errors can be tricky to detect - see our article on them here.) Nowletââ¬â¢s turn to the answers. Option B uses the phrase ââ¬Å"bored to tears." This expression is a very casual phrase used to express extreme boredom. Itââ¬â¢s far too casual to fit with the rest of the paragraph, so we can eliminate B. Similarly, the phrase ââ¬Å"blow offâ⬠in C is slang, whichdoesnââ¬â¢t fit in with the formality of the rest of the passage. We can rule out C as well. D is the only option thatââ¬â¢s left. When you put it in the sentence, it reads, ââ¬Å"The school board members believed that wearing ââ¬Å"play clothesâ⬠to school made the students lax and indifferent toward their school work, while more formal attire established a positive educational climate.â⬠This option matches the rest of the paragraph in formality, and itââ¬â¢s also grammatically and idiomatically correct. Therefore, D is the correct choice. Here Are Some Practice Questions to Try on Your Own! Choose the answer that correctly completes each sentence, paying particular attention to formality. I've explained the answers at the end of the article. Smithââ¬â¢s example has inspired architects to donate their skills towards charitable projects. (1) Since 1998, the Association of Professional Contractors has presented an annual award recognizing the professional who best showcases a spirit of giving and community service. In 2004, the award was renamed the Robert Smith award. His parents, who were so instrumental in Smithââ¬â¢s professional success, were bursting with pride. (2) While Smithââ¬â¢s architectural achievements remain prominent in Chicago for passersby to enjoy, itââ¬â¢s really great that the effects (3) of his generosity continue to make an impact and inspire others to follow his example. 1. A. NO CHANGE B. into projects that are really good for other people C. into charitable projects D. to charitable projects 2. A. NO CHANGE B. were super proud C. were proud of their son D. were appreciative of the illustrious honor bestowed upon their son 3. A. NO CHANGE B. the effects C. it is good that the effects D. DELETE the underlined portion Answers: 1. D; 2. C; 3. B Explanations: 1. As written, the sentence is idiomatically incorrect. We say that we "donate to," not "donate towards." Therefore, D is going to be the correct answer. But even if that didn't jump out at you right away (idioms can be difficult!) there was at least one answer choice that you could have eliminated: choice B. This answer is an example of unnecessary wordiness, which is one of the signs of overly casual language. The other choices all use the word "charitable," which succinctly describes the projects being donated to. Choice B, in contrast, says "projects that are really good for other people." Though this means the same thing, it is a much longer and more casual way of expressing the information, so this answer is incorrect. 2. As written, this sentence usesoverly casual language. "Bursting with pride" is slang - it has an implied meaning that is differentfrom its literal meaning (I hope his parents weren't literally exploding!). Choice B is also slang. The real definition of "super" is "good or excellent," but here it is used to mean "very" - which is a common casual use of the word. On the other hand, choice D is too formal - it uses unnecessarily formal words (and is also too wordy!) to express a simple idea. Choice C is the best answer here. It's grammatically correct, and also directly and succintly completes the sentence without being too casual or too formal. 3. Here's another example of a too casual sentence. Can you see which trap of casual language it's falling into? It has unnecessary commentary. It's very casual for the author of the passage to tell us that he thinks "it's really great." We can rule outA. Looking at the answer choices, you can see that C falls into the same trap, by telling us that "it is good." We're down to B or D. D suggests that we should delete the underlined portion. However, if you read the sentence with the underlined portion eliminated, it's obvious that you create a fragment. Therefore the answer is B, which states the information clearly and directly, is grammatically correct, and is in the middle of the formality scale. Whatââ¬â¢s Next? Now that you know how to tackle one of the trickier subjects on the ACT English, try another: here is how to take on idioms on the ACT. Not sure what else youââ¬â¢ll be up against? Here is a full breakdown of what you will find on ACT English. Aiming high? Here are some top tips to get a 36 on ACT English. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-25791091568204518762020-02-20T05:39:00.001-08:002020-02-20T05:39:02.721-08:00Four functions of management case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1Four functions of management - Case Study Example The management skills, which accrue to a businessââ¬â¢s success that you did not put into consideration, include controlling, planning, organizing, and directing skills that accrue to a successful business. According to your business statistics, you employed Lisa and entrusted her with all the business operations. Irrespective of you two being friends for a long time, you should not have trusted her with all the directive orders. She would report to work, wash the office and tidy up then start her daily chores. This was a lot for her and what she had not expected. She had to check all the tax forms and serve all the customers. For a business to be successful and achieve the goals and objectives, it should ensure a proper channel of communication between the workers (Richman 2012). Lisa had confidence that she was doing the right thing even after adding the three new employees. You should have controlled all of them since you are the senior manager. You should have given your orders to the employees in case of any changes, which should have been directly, or indirectly through According to Directive Path Theory, a business leader should give freedom to his/his employees for them to realize their job expectations. In reference to the theory, your management should do a follow up on employeesââ¬â¢ tasks to ensure that they achieve the required job standards and set goals. Remarkably, members of the management are required to involve the subordinate staff in the process of making strategic decisions. You should have involved your employees in decision-making processes that would have helped produce effective workplace union. Employees can also motivated by awarding them accordingly after excellent progress in their work. Awards can be through issuing of presents and souvenir just as you did in your case. Additionally, you did not put your supervisions skills into consideration hence led to your employees taking advantage of the situation. As for Lisaââ¬â¢s rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-60948972102719968352020-02-04T17:08:00.001-08:002020-02-04T17:08:03.444-08:00E-Commerce and Edmunds.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsE-Commerce and Edmunds.com - Essay Example "All too often, many of us go to the dealer with the idea that we'll get the best deal for our money, only to be tricked and manipulated into paying more or buying a model that we don't want. In tact, African Americans consistently overpay--an average of $315 more than other car purchasers--according to a study done of 750,000 actual purchases in 1999 and early 2000 by the National Bureau of Economic Research" (Jackson, Car Buying 101: Buying a New Car in a Few Simple Steps, 2004: 195). The above mentioned statement automatically shows the importance of a website that provides a service through which a customer would buy a car that he/she wants and that with the terms decided, and there when the importance of Edmunds.com is identified, Edmunds.com includes all the data on the new and used cars, from features to the prices of cars, from test drive videos to the tips to maintain such cars, almost every thing appears on the website, including the ways through which "you" can become car's owner, it includes ownership plans, the leasing and all useful material. Few good features of the company include the information through the wireless edmunds.com, the site know as Edmunds2Go!, which is accesible through the PDAs and internet enabled cell phones, another benefit the visitors get is that the company circulates free email newsletters to its voluntary subscribers, another most thrilling feature that is used by the edmunds.com in the most impressive way is its true market value pricing tools, actually launched in the year 2000, "The Edmunds.com True Market Value New Vehicle Calculator provides the estimated average price consumers are currently paying when buying new vehicles. The Edmunds.com True Market Value Used Vehicle Appraiser estimates the actual transaction prices for used vehicles bought and sold by dealers and private parties" ( from Wikipedia, free encyclopedia). So it is the best what company can provide with in its limit to the visitors, the best outcome of launching such tool is that, people from all around the world now log in to find the actual prices of cars all around the world, it is perhaps the best service an automotive website can provide, it is considered to be the most innovative idea by the web operators to bring such a change in the website, the other such online services and tools include TMV new vehicle calculator which estimates the price that the buyers are paying to the dealer for the ownership of new vehicles, TMV finance rate estimator which gives the idea of how much of loan can be obtained and what is in relation to it and the ownership of car, Edmunds.com has another feature added recently which shows how much it would cost if the buyer would buy a car in full terms ownership, it is known as True Cost to Own SM data. The company has offered services not only rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-43330572101232230372020-01-27T13:32:00.001-08:002020-01-27T13:32:10.363-08:00Innovation for Competitive Advantage in International MarketInnovation for Competitive Advantage in International Market INTRODUCTION Organizations must run fast to keep up with changes taking place all around them. They must modify themselves all the time. Change, rather than stability, is the norm today. Every business is affected by a number of powerful environmental forces such as; technological advances, environmental changes, evolving society and customer desires, and maturation of market, which drive the need to change in todays globalized economy. All of these enviromental forces have created opportunities and threats. Every organization strives to take advantage of opportunities and manage the threats which have arisen during the change process (Daft, 2001). Organizations, to be considered innovative, need to implement technologically new products and processes, or need to make significant technological improvements in existing products and processes. Organizations generate and apply the appropriate knowledge required for producing something new and improving the existing product or process, simply known as ââ¬Å"knowledge creationâ⬠(Atmaca, 2006). The rate of innovation and technical change is important to an economys rate of growth. Differences in knowledge creation, diffusion, and use have implications for international competiveness, standards of living, and quality of life (Feldman and Massard, 2002). To remain competitive, established firms must continually seek out opportunities for growth and new methods for strategically renewing their performance. Changes in customer needs, new technologies, and shifts in the competitive landscape require that companies continually innovate and initiate corporate ventures in order to compete effectively (Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner, 2008). The discussion begins with defining the innovation concept focusing on different literatures from professional writers. Innovations can take many forms, including radical breakthrough innovations as well as incremantal innovative improvements, and todays researchers are strongly emphasizing that innovation is one of the most valuable differentiator for sustainable competitive advantage. The concept of innovation is compared to the concept of invention and creativity as they are confused and interchangeably used. Later, the discussion concentrates on the importance of innovation in identifying opportunities and threats coming with change; which are followed by suggestions how to become successful innovators to overcome these threats. The discussion continues by identifying the four types of changes an organization undergoes to achieve advantage in the international environment. These changes can be used to update the products or the services, the technology, the existing strategy and structure, and culture in the organization. Then, focus will be on how organizations can build innovation by applying key elements that create a truly innovative and entrepreneurial one. The next chapter identifies some successful global innovators that have delivered novel benefits to their customers. This thesis reviews the innovation concept and the forms it takes to achieve competitive edge in the market. It identifies the benefits driving from innovation, explains why people and organizations resist change and identifies the appropriate steps to overcome barriers resisting it. It explains the role management has during innovation and the key elements to create an innovative organization. It concludes by explaining why healthcare sector is different and identifies the best practiced innovations in healthcare sector. The later chapter concentrates on how innovation evolves in the service sector. The biggest industries for RD spending for 2009 are identified. The important features of services sector; the concept of service innovation and its four dimensions are compared to the service product concept. To conclude, some suggestions how management in service companies can achieve effective innovation are given. The last chapter concentrates on the healthcare sector. It focuses on the main and best practised innovations in the healthare sector, as healthcare is a part of the service sector. The reasons that make the healthcare sector different from others are underlined. Big structure, complex size, and different government policies are some of the reasons. To sum up, best practised processes and services which are applied by present healthcare service providers are identified. CHAPTER I LITERATURE REVIEW IN INNOVATION 1.1 Defining Innovation According to King (2009) innovation is doing things in new ways in order to achieve significant results and make a huge difference in performance compared to others. Innovations goal is to have a positive change, to make someone or something better. Testing and evaluation of ideas is critical in achieving this goal. The ideas that do not work are identified through testing. Failure is an integral part of the innovation process. Failing means collecting data and evidence about the changes that organizations want to undergo. This view is supported by Mulgan and Albury (2003) who define innovation as new ideas that work and a successful innovation can be achieved through the creation and implementation of new processes, products, services and methods of delivery which will result in significant improvements in the profitability and enhance the growth of an enterprise. Innovation is a special case of planned change and learning that either transforms current products, services, and markets, or creates an entirely new market by introducing a radically new product or service. An organization is considered innovative if it stirs up the marketplace, by creating competitive pressures and new opportunities. It has been recognized that innovation success in an established organization requires balancing the stabilized efficiency of the current market offerings and building new capabilities to create and develop offerings for unknown markets (Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker, 2003). The changes used to adapt the environment can be evaluated according to the scope and to the extent to which changes are incremental or radical for the organization. Incremental changes maintain the general equilibrium of the organization through a series of continual progressions and affect only one part in organization. On the contrast, radical changes, transform the entire organization. Incremental changes include technology improvements, such as the introduction of computer-integrated manufacturing or product improvements in the established structure and management processes. In radical changes, the technology is likely to be breakthrough, and new products created will establish new markets (Daft, 2001). Importance of innovation seems to be the most talked management issue these days. Knowledge plays a crucial role in the economic processes because within the knowledge-based economy, innovation plays a central role and stands at the heart of economic change. Firms innovate to defend their competitive position as well as to achieve competitive advantage. Organizations possessing more knowledge outperform those with less. It was believed that an enterprise can maintain competitive advantage through quality and price. While todays different researches have revealed that innovation is one of the most valuable differentiator for sustainable competitive advantage (Tyagi, 2008). 1.1.1 Invention Tyagi (2008) has made a distinction between invention and innovation. Invention is discovering of things never existed before while innovation is discovering how to introduce and commercialize new products, processes and new ways of adding customer value through innovative business models and management systems. This point of view is supported by King (2009) who defines invention as the generation of new ideas which have the potential to make someone or something better. New ideas can drawn from scanning other industries, by having conversations and meetings, or accessing information which is not usual in your business. All innovations starting point is invention of creative ideas. The distinction between them is; invention is having an idea about a service, product, technology or device, while innovation is the successfull application of those ideas. Another author who has discussed about the difference existing among invention and creativity is Sloane (2010). Invention is the creation of a product, device or method that has never been made and existed before. So, every invention is an innovation. But every innovation is not an invention. When a company first publishes its website this is a major innovation for the company even though many other websites may already exist. 1.1.2 Creativity Creativity is defined as the process of thinking and generating new things, new concepts, and new ideas. Converting these thoughts into tangible things, bringing these ideas to life is innovation. Creativity is like dreaming up new things and innovation is making those dreams come true. Expressed in other words, creativity is the capability of conceiving something unusual or original while innovation is the implementation of those unusual or original things (Difference Between, n.d.). 1.2 Benefits and Barriers of Innovation In the last years change has occured incrementally and infrequently. A globalized economy is creating both opportunities and hazards to everyone. Firms are forced to make dramatic improvements not only to compete and prosper but also to survive. People who have been through difficult, and not successful change efforts end up drawing pesimistic and angry conclusions. They become suspicious of the motives of those pushing for transformation (Kotter, 1996). This section will focus on the discussion of benefits and barriers that come with innovation. The advantages supporting a strong leadership and the factors causing resistance toward change will be identified. In addition, this section will also explain some methods that managers can use to implement change successfully within the organization. 1.2.1 Benefits of Innovation Bhatt (2007) states the reasons that make companies innovate, those are listed below: To advance in technology. To change the environment. The evolving of the society. The evolving of the customer desires. Competitors improve their products and services. Customers stop buying your old products so you need to replace them and add new products. Innovation opportunities can arise due to environmental changes in technology, science, and data analysis. Environmental changes may result in creation of new customer needs or may enable the organization to develop better solutions to current customer needs. Service or product innovations have to fulfill four benefit aspects listed below: Unique. The target group should perceive the new benefits generated from the new service or product as unique. Important. The customers should perceive the new benefits as important. Sustainable. The new benefits should be protected against followers by measures such as patents, time to market and brand management. Marketable. The organization should have the resources, capabilities and competencies to market the product which also includes an effective and ready to market version of the product (Anon., 2008). Stark (n.d.) has identified the benefits of good innovation, those are listed below: First to market. Premium prices. Best customers. Large market share. Increased shareholder return. Increased employee motivation and morale. 1.2.2 Barriers to Innovation Beer and Nohria (2000) state that one research team concluded that ââ¬ËThe brutal fact is that about 70 per cent of all change initiatives fail. These researchers conclude that there are two primary reasons why organizations undergo change: one is based on ââ¬Ëhard economic value (e.g. financial return to shareholders); the other is based ââ¬Ësoft organizational capabilities. The organizational approach develops corporate culture, human capabilities, feedback, measurements and reflections on evolutionary progress. Both people and organizations frequently resist change, even if it is in their best interests, especially in large and established organizations. Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker (2003) suggest five main reasons why individuals resist change: Selective perception. People sometimes perceive the same thing differently. When changes are initiated, individuals tend to focus on how they will be personally affected rather than seeing the big picture for the entire organization. Lack of information.People will resist change if they are not informed about what is expected from them or what benefits change will bring. If the reasons for change are not clearly presented, people tend to fill in the missing pieces with speculation, which often assumes the worst in terms of initiator intentions and personal impact. In addition, if people do not have enough information about how to change, they may fear making mistakes, so they will not try. Fear of the unknown. Individuals resist change when they are uncertain about how it will affect their well-being. They fear downsizing, uncertainties about not knowing how to change, not being able to perform as well as before the change, losing position, income, and status or power. Habit. Many people prefer familiar actions and events, even if they are not optimal. Breaking a habit is difficult because it takes hard work and involves giving up perceived benefits from the habit, even if the new behavior has more desirable consequences. Resentment toward the initiator.If a change seems arbitrary or unreasonable, resentment and anger are directed towards those initiating the change. People resent being controlled and losing autonomy over their works and lives, when their thoughts and feelings are not considered by change initiators. Finally, without trust in the initiators inventions, people may resist the change out of resentment or fear of possible unknown consequences. Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker (2003) state that organizations resist change for many of the same reasons individuals do. There are also many forces inside an organization that create resistance to changes initiated by environmental conditions. Some of the main ones are summarized below: Power Maintenance. Changes in decision-making authority and control of resource allocations threaten the balance of power in organizations. Units benefiting from the change will welcome it, but those losing power will resist it. Structural stability. Organizations create hierarchies, subgroups, rules and procedures to promote order, consistent and predicable behaviors. People who ââ¬Ëfit these desired behavioral criteria are hired and shaped to confirm further through the socialization process and organizational conditioning. Functional sub-optimization.Differences in functional orientation, goals and resource dependencies can cause changes that are seen as beneficial to one functional unit and as threatening to another. Functional units usually think of themselves first when evaluating potential changes and support those that enhance their own welfare, but resist the one that reduce it. Organizational culture. Organizational culture promotes predicable ways of thinking and behaving. Organizational members will resist changes that force them to abandon established assumptions and approved ways of doing things. Group norms. Groups develop their own norms to promote desirable behaviors. Many members conform these norms. Consequently, any change that disrupts group norms, tasks or role relationships will probably be resisted. Strategos conducted a survey of innovation practices of more than 550 large companies, where majority of respondents in every industry rated innovation as critical and said that the importance of innovation would grow in the future. According to Loewe and Dominiquini (2006) the top six obstacles to innovation identified by respondents across industries are: Short-term focus. Lack of time, resources or staff. Leadership expects payoff sooner than is realistic. Management incentives do not reward innovation. Lack of a systematic innovation process. Belief that innovation is inherently risky. Below is a list of suggestions how to become successful innovators about overcoming the barriers to innovation: Have a vision for change. Innovation has to have a purpose, a statement which defines the direction for the business and which people will readily understand and remember. Your team needs to know the direction they are headed in order to be innovative. Illustrate the goals and explain to people how their role is decisive in meeting the goals to fulfill the organizational vision. Fight the fear of change. Innovative leaders constantly explain the need for change. They must paint a picture that shows an attractive future that is worth taking risks to achieve. Have a dynamic suggestions scheme. Great suggestion schemes are focused and open to all. Leaders do not need to offer huge rewards. Sometimes, recognition and response are generally more important. Break the rules. To achieve radical innovation leaders need to challenge all the assumptions related to how things should look in your environment. Business is like Art, with no well-defined rules and referees. Innovation is filled with opportunities for people who can take advantage in creating new ways to provide the goods and services that customers want. Give everyone two jobs. Ask your people to run their current jobs in the most effective way possible and at the same time to find completely new ways to do the job. Encourage them to identify the purpose of their role, the outcomes delivered through this role and if there is a better way to deliver that purpose. Collaborate. CEOs must see collaboration as key to their success during innovation. Success can not only be achieved by using internal resources, but also by looking outside of the organization for people to partner with. Welcome failure. The innovative leader encourages a culture where people feel free to innovate and experiment. Innovative leaders tell people that each unsuccessful attempt is a step along the road to success. When innovative leaders welcome innovation and create a culture of experimentation, means that they except failure and welcome it. Build prototypes. Innovative leaders are suggested to try the new ideas at low cost by building prototypes and see what the customer reaction is. You will learn more in the real world than you will in the test laboratories. Be passionate. Leaders must concentrate on the things they want to change, on the challenges they want to face and be passionate about overcoming them. Organizations need passionate supporters, who are inspired to innovate and change the way they do things to come up with extraordinary results. Be passionate about what you believe, communicate that passion every time you speak and explain why reaching the destination is really worthwhile (ArticleSnatch, n.d.). 1.3 Types of Innovation There exist four types of changes to achieve strategic edge within an organization. Managers can use these four types of changes to achieve competitive advantage in the international environment. Each company can have maximum impact upon the chosen market through its own unique configuration of technology, product and services, strategy and structure, and culture as explained below (Daft, 2001). 1.3.1 Technological Innovation Technological innovations refer to changes in an organizations production process to enable distinctive competence. Changes in an organizations production process, including its knowledge and skills base, are designed to produce greater in volume or to have a more efficient production. Changes in technology involve the work methods, equipment, and work flow techniques for making products or services. For example, in a university, technology changes are about changes in methods for teaching the courses. Tyagi (2008) suggests that traditionally innovation has been associated with the use of technological knowledge, and research and development activities. A technological innovation is any innovation due to an industrial application of scientific knowledge. Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner (2008) suggest that innovation involves the usage of new knowledge to transform organizational processes or create commercially viable products and services. The latest technology, results of experiments, creative insights, or competitive information may be the sources of new knowledge. However it comes about, innovation occurs when new combinations of ideas and information bring about positive change. Among the most important sources of new ideas is new technology. Technology creates new possibilities and provides the raw material that firms use to make innovative new products and services. But technology is not the only source of innovation. There can be innovations in human resources, firm infrastructure, marketing, service, or in many other value-adding areas that have little to do with anything ââ¬Å"high-tech.â⬠1.3.2 Product and Service Innovation Product and service innovations refer to the product or service outputs of an organization. New products may be in the form of entirely new product lines or small adaptions of existing products. New products are designed to develop new markets, or customers, or to increase the market share. Tyagi (2008) states that product innovation is about the introduction of new goods and services which have improvements in terms of design excellence, core characteristics, technical specifications etc. and are derived from customer or industry insight, or strategic alignment of the organization. Godin (2005) suggests that the old rule was to create safe and ordinary products that were combined with great marketing. The new rule is to create remarkable products and figure out a great theory by looking at whats working in the real world and what the various successes have in common. Identify what the successful companies have in common and do something to be remarkable. Roberts (2002) has made a distinction when discussing if innovation is between product/service innovation and process innovation. Product/Service innovation refers to efforts to develop new products or services for end users. Product/Service innovations tend to be more radical and are more common during the earlier stages of an industrys life cycle. As an industry matures, there are fewer opportunities for newness, so the innovations tend to be more incremental. Process innovation, by contrast, is associated with improving the efficiency of an organizational process, especially manufacturing systems and operations. Process innovations occur in the later stages of an industrys life cycle as companies seek ways to remain viable in markets where demand has flattened out and competition is more intensive. As a result, process innovations are often associated with overall cost leader strategies because the aim of many process improvements is to lower the cost of operations. There are several problems with seeking competitive advantage through investments in process technology. Firstly, the people who sell you robots or point-of-sale terminals, software to analyze production or service delivery will sell the robots, terminals, and software to your competitors. Your ability to obtain the benefits of this technology depends on your ability to implement it more rapidly and more effectively. Secondly, investment in specialized technology is not a substitute for skill in managing the work force. This is because more skills may be required to operate the more sophisticated and advanced equipments. Having a higher level of investment per employee will result in increasingly expensive interruptions in the process which means that the ability to operate, maintain, and repair equipment effectively becomes even more critical (Pfeffer, 1996). 1.3.3 Strategy and Structural Innovation Strategy and structural innovation refers to the administrative section in an organization. It is related to the management and supervision in the organization, including changes in an organizations strategic management and structure, policies, accounting and budgeting systems, reward systems, labor relations, coordination devices, management information and control systems. Strategy and structure changes in an organization are mandated by top management. They usually have a top-down structure. An example may be if the corporate goes downsizing. On the other hand, product and technology changes may come from the bottom up. 1.3.4 Cultural Innovation Cultural innovation refers to changes that may occur in an employees attitudes, beliefs, values, expectations, abilities, and behavior. Culture innovation tends to change the way employees think. These are changes in mindset rather than the technology, structure, or products and services. Culture can be a powerful force undermining or shoring up the effectiveness of a nation, a business, and a manager. Recognizing the presence and power of culture will help in better navigating through the rough seas of international business. Discovering how to harness the power of culture in an organization will help the organization gain competitive advantage (Schneider and Barsoux, 2003). To conclude, it can be said that successful innovation in an organization occurs when technological and product or process innovations in the value chain are implemented through effective strategy and structure innovation. Innovation in an organization, which includes people, leadership, creativity, process and organizational culture, is the driver to grow, to achieve high profits and to succeed in the market. Innovation in an organization should be approached in a systematic way and not a piecemeal manner and should be initiated even at the lowest levels (Tyagi, 2008). 1.4 Leadership in Practice of Innovation Many organizations are resistant to changes and continue operating the way they had been operating in the past. To remain competitive, they work harder, improve efficiency, reduce cost and implement best practices. But, this is not enough. Instead of getting stuck in their standard mode of operations, organizations need to adopt innovative ways to change the strategies. The best way to create a competitive edge and be in the head of the competition is to innovate by drawing advantage from the creative power of your people. Turn your greatest assets into opportunistic entrepreneurs who discover new ways and improve the way they do business. Management innovation involves total transformation of existing culture to enhance organizational performance in an integrated manner involving technological innovation, product and service innovation, and strategy and structural innovation (Tyagi, 2008). Sloane (2003) suggests that every organization needs to have a vision, a culture and a process of innovation to build a truly innovative environment. There are eight key elements that create a truly innovative and entrepreneurial organization as below: Painting the vision. The first step is to paint a desirable, challenging and believable vision. Innovative leaders must be sure that people share a common goal and embarke on a journey all together. Being all together means they accept easier the changes, all the challenges and difficulties that show up during the journey. Innovative leaders should delegate more responsibility, and empower the staff with control over their work. Once staff is aware of the goal and direction headed, they contribute the best creative ways to solve challenges and obstacles that lie ahead. Build an open and questioning culture. The painted picture quickly fades away from view, so great leaders should take time to meet staff and illustrate the goals to be achieved and the challenges to overcome. Leaders inspire the staff to become entrepreneurs finding innovative routes to success and constantly remind them how their role is decisive in fulfilling the vision and meeting the challenges. Empowering. The purpose of empowering your people is to turn them into entrepreneurs looking for new opportunities. By empowering, leaders enable them to develop the skills for the task and achieve the change through their own efforts to come up with radical innovations. People need freedom to succeed and need to understand and agree on what management expects of them. People and management must agree on the scope of freedom and responsibility. Empowering means trusting your people, supporting and believing that they will achieve great things. Set goals, deadlines and measurements for innovation. Change is uncomfortable, resulting in anxiously people fearing an embarrassing or costly failure. Leaders should spend time with people encouraging them to undertake risks and come out from their safety zones. Leaders should reassure them that risks are necessary and worth taking and no one will be punished if their initiatives do not succeed. Use creativity techniques to generate a large number of ideas. Innovative leaders should build a culture where everyone can come up with creative solutions and crazy ideas through techniques, methods, and workshops. The goal is to change the people within the organization; from people who do routine jobs into highly energized entrepreneurs who constantly search for new and better ways of making the vision a reality. People need to be trained to learn the skills and to develop the confidence to try new methods, and use creative techniques to come up with new solutions. Review, filter and select ideas. In the innovation process many ideas are generated in response to a given issue or challenge. At the end, the most promising idea is selected. Prototype the promising proposals. After the idea is selected, then the move is to rapidly prototype it. Analyze the results and the successful projects. New product is tested for its feasibility, attractiveness and payback. Those that pass these criteria are given more funding. King (2009) suggests that the most effective, efficient and leading edge organizations are those that innovate and encourage innovation. Innovative organizations require a strong leadership team to approve the importance of innovation and create a culture for it. A development of strong capabilities for innovation leadership need to be started early in the career development process. In an innovative culture, the staff is given freedom to innovate and experiment. In an innovative culture, risks are managed and the organization understands and accepts that future success is built on a series of learning from unsuccessful attempts. Collaboration with outside parties to generate and adopt innovations is encouraged. Success will depend on strong leadership. We can take learning from market leaders to help us identify key leadership behaviors to promote innovation as explained below: Lead continuous innovation and improvement. Develop and communicate an encouraging story. Encourage partnerships and collaboration. Staff should be exposed to new viewpoints and ideas that can be adapted in the organization. To do this, the organization should create partnerships and collaboration with different parts within or outside the organization. Promote innovation. Organization should consider innovation as a core part of its role, and time is allocated for its employees to innovate. Different organizations have created bespoke Innovation for Competitive Advantage in International Market Innovation for Competitive Advantage in International Market INTRODUCTION Organizations must run fast to keep up with changes taking place all around them. They must modify themselves all the time. Change, rather than stability, is the norm today. Every business is affected by a number of powerful environmental forces such as; technological advances, environmental changes, evolving society and customer desires, and maturation of market, which drive the need to change in todays globalized economy. All of these enviromental forces have created opportunities and threats. Every organization strives to take advantage of opportunities and manage the threats which have arisen during the change process (Daft, 2001). Organizations, to be considered innovative, need to implement technologically new products and processes, or need to make significant technological improvements in existing products and processes. Organizations generate and apply the appropriate knowledge required for producing something new and improving the existing product or process, simply known as ââ¬Å"knowledge creationâ⬠(Atmaca, 2006). The rate of innovation and technical change is important to an economys rate of growth. Differences in knowledge creation, diffusion, and use have implications for international competiveness, standards of living, and quality of life (Feldman and Massard, 2002). To remain competitive, established firms must continually seek out opportunities for growth and new methods for strategically renewing their performance. Changes in customer needs, new technologies, and shifts in the competitive landscape require that companies continually innovate and initiate corporate ventures in order to compete effectively (Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner, 2008). The discussion begins with defining the innovation concept focusing on different literatures from professional writers. Innovations can take many forms, including radical breakthrough innovations as well as incremantal innovative improvements, and todays researchers are strongly emphasizing that innovation is one of the most valuable differentiator for sustainable competitive advantage. The concept of innovation is compared to the concept of invention and creativity as they are confused and interchangeably used. Later, the discussion concentrates on the importance of innovation in identifying opportunities and threats coming with change; which are followed by suggestions how to become successful innovators to overcome these threats. The discussion continues by identifying the four types of changes an organization undergoes to achieve advantage in the international environment. These changes can be used to update the products or the services, the technology, the existing strategy and structure, and culture in the organization. Then, focus will be on how organizations can build innovation by applying key elements that create a truly innovative and entrepreneurial one. The next chapter identifies some successful global innovators that have delivered novel benefits to their customers. This thesis reviews the innovation concept and the forms it takes to achieve competitive edge in the market. It identifies the benefits driving from innovation, explains why people and organizations resist change and identifies the appropriate steps to overcome barriers resisting it. It explains the role management has during innovation and the key elements to create an innovative organization. It concludes by explaining why healthcare sector is different and identifies the best practiced innovations in healthcare sector. The later chapter concentrates on how innovation evolves in the service sector. The biggest industries for RD spending for 2009 are identified. The important features of services sector; the concept of service innovation and its four dimensions are compared to the service product concept. To conclude, some suggestions how management in service companies can achieve effective innovation are given. The last chapter concentrates on the healthcare sector. It focuses on the main and best practised innovations in the healthare sector, as healthcare is a part of the service sector. The reasons that make the healthcare sector different from others are underlined. Big structure, complex size, and different government policies are some of the reasons. To sum up, best practised processes and services which are applied by present healthcare service providers are identified. CHAPTER I LITERATURE REVIEW IN INNOVATION 1.1 Defining Innovation According to King (2009) innovation is doing things in new ways in order to achieve significant results and make a huge difference in performance compared to others. Innovations goal is to have a positive change, to make someone or something better. Testing and evaluation of ideas is critical in achieving this goal. The ideas that do not work are identified through testing. Failure is an integral part of the innovation process. Failing means collecting data and evidence about the changes that organizations want to undergo. This view is supported by Mulgan and Albury (2003) who define innovation as new ideas that work and a successful innovation can be achieved through the creation and implementation of new processes, products, services and methods of delivery which will result in significant improvements in the profitability and enhance the growth of an enterprise. Innovation is a special case of planned change and learning that either transforms current products, services, and markets, or creates an entirely new market by introducing a radically new product or service. An organization is considered innovative if it stirs up the marketplace, by creating competitive pressures and new opportunities. It has been recognized that innovation success in an established organization requires balancing the stabilized efficiency of the current market offerings and building new capabilities to create and develop offerings for unknown markets (Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker, 2003). The changes used to adapt the environment can be evaluated according to the scope and to the extent to which changes are incremental or radical for the organization. Incremental changes maintain the general equilibrium of the organization through a series of continual progressions and affect only one part in organization. On the contrast, radical changes, transform the entire organization. Incremental changes include technology improvements, such as the introduction of computer-integrated manufacturing or product improvements in the established structure and management processes. In radical changes, the technology is likely to be breakthrough, and new products created will establish new markets (Daft, 2001). Importance of innovation seems to be the most talked management issue these days. Knowledge plays a crucial role in the economic processes because within the knowledge-based economy, innovation plays a central role and stands at the heart of economic change. Firms innovate to defend their competitive position as well as to achieve competitive advantage. Organizations possessing more knowledge outperform those with less. It was believed that an enterprise can maintain competitive advantage through quality and price. While todays different researches have revealed that innovation is one of the most valuable differentiator for sustainable competitive advantage (Tyagi, 2008). 1.1.1 Invention Tyagi (2008) has made a distinction between invention and innovation. Invention is discovering of things never existed before while innovation is discovering how to introduce and commercialize new products, processes and new ways of adding customer value through innovative business models and management systems. This point of view is supported by King (2009) who defines invention as the generation of new ideas which have the potential to make someone or something better. New ideas can drawn from scanning other industries, by having conversations and meetings, or accessing information which is not usual in your business. All innovations starting point is invention of creative ideas. The distinction between them is; invention is having an idea about a service, product, technology or device, while innovation is the successfull application of those ideas. Another author who has discussed about the difference existing among invention and creativity is Sloane (2010). Invention is the creation of a product, device or method that has never been made and existed before. So, every invention is an innovation. But every innovation is not an invention. When a company first publishes its website this is a major innovation for the company even though many other websites may already exist. 1.1.2 Creativity Creativity is defined as the process of thinking and generating new things, new concepts, and new ideas. Converting these thoughts into tangible things, bringing these ideas to life is innovation. Creativity is like dreaming up new things and innovation is making those dreams come true. Expressed in other words, creativity is the capability of conceiving something unusual or original while innovation is the implementation of those unusual or original things (Difference Between, n.d.). 1.2 Benefits and Barriers of Innovation In the last years change has occured incrementally and infrequently. A globalized economy is creating both opportunities and hazards to everyone. Firms are forced to make dramatic improvements not only to compete and prosper but also to survive. People who have been through difficult, and not successful change efforts end up drawing pesimistic and angry conclusions. They become suspicious of the motives of those pushing for transformation (Kotter, 1996). This section will focus on the discussion of benefits and barriers that come with innovation. The advantages supporting a strong leadership and the factors causing resistance toward change will be identified. In addition, this section will also explain some methods that managers can use to implement change successfully within the organization. 1.2.1 Benefits of Innovation Bhatt (2007) states the reasons that make companies innovate, those are listed below: To advance in technology. To change the environment. The evolving of the society. The evolving of the customer desires. Competitors improve their products and services. Customers stop buying your old products so you need to replace them and add new products. Innovation opportunities can arise due to environmental changes in technology, science, and data analysis. Environmental changes may result in creation of new customer needs or may enable the organization to develop better solutions to current customer needs. Service or product innovations have to fulfill four benefit aspects listed below: Unique. The target group should perceive the new benefits generated from the new service or product as unique. Important. The customers should perceive the new benefits as important. Sustainable. The new benefits should be protected against followers by measures such as patents, time to market and brand management. Marketable. The organization should have the resources, capabilities and competencies to market the product which also includes an effective and ready to market version of the product (Anon., 2008). Stark (n.d.) has identified the benefits of good innovation, those are listed below: First to market. Premium prices. Best customers. Large market share. Increased shareholder return. Increased employee motivation and morale. 1.2.2 Barriers to Innovation Beer and Nohria (2000) state that one research team concluded that ââ¬ËThe brutal fact is that about 70 per cent of all change initiatives fail. These researchers conclude that there are two primary reasons why organizations undergo change: one is based on ââ¬Ëhard economic value (e.g. financial return to shareholders); the other is based ââ¬Ësoft organizational capabilities. The organizational approach develops corporate culture, human capabilities, feedback, measurements and reflections on evolutionary progress. Both people and organizations frequently resist change, even if it is in their best interests, especially in large and established organizations. Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker (2003) suggest five main reasons why individuals resist change: Selective perception. People sometimes perceive the same thing differently. When changes are initiated, individuals tend to focus on how they will be personally affected rather than seeing the big picture for the entire organization. Lack of information.People will resist change if they are not informed about what is expected from them or what benefits change will bring. If the reasons for change are not clearly presented, people tend to fill in the missing pieces with speculation, which often assumes the worst in terms of initiator intentions and personal impact. In addition, if people do not have enough information about how to change, they may fear making mistakes, so they will not try. Fear of the unknown. Individuals resist change when they are uncertain about how it will affect their well-being. They fear downsizing, uncertainties about not knowing how to change, not being able to perform as well as before the change, losing position, income, and status or power. Habit. Many people prefer familiar actions and events, even if they are not optimal. Breaking a habit is difficult because it takes hard work and involves giving up perceived benefits from the habit, even if the new behavior has more desirable consequences. Resentment toward the initiator.If a change seems arbitrary or unreasonable, resentment and anger are directed towards those initiating the change. People resent being controlled and losing autonomy over their works and lives, when their thoughts and feelings are not considered by change initiators. Finally, without trust in the initiators inventions, people may resist the change out of resentment or fear of possible unknown consequences. Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker (2003) state that organizations resist change for many of the same reasons individuals do. There are also many forces inside an organization that create resistance to changes initiated by environmental conditions. Some of the main ones are summarized below: Power Maintenance. Changes in decision-making authority and control of resource allocations threaten the balance of power in organizations. Units benefiting from the change will welcome it, but those losing power will resist it. Structural stability. Organizations create hierarchies, subgroups, rules and procedures to promote order, consistent and predicable behaviors. People who ââ¬Ëfit these desired behavioral criteria are hired and shaped to confirm further through the socialization process and organizational conditioning. Functional sub-optimization.Differences in functional orientation, goals and resource dependencies can cause changes that are seen as beneficial to one functional unit and as threatening to another. Functional units usually think of themselves first when evaluating potential changes and support those that enhance their own welfare, but resist the one that reduce it. Organizational culture. Organizational culture promotes predicable ways of thinking and behaving. Organizational members will resist changes that force them to abandon established assumptions and approved ways of doing things. Group norms. Groups develop their own norms to promote desirable behaviors. Many members conform these norms. Consequently, any change that disrupts group norms, tasks or role relationships will probably be resisted. Strategos conducted a survey of innovation practices of more than 550 large companies, where majority of respondents in every industry rated innovation as critical and said that the importance of innovation would grow in the future. According to Loewe and Dominiquini (2006) the top six obstacles to innovation identified by respondents across industries are: Short-term focus. Lack of time, resources or staff. Leadership expects payoff sooner than is realistic. Management incentives do not reward innovation. Lack of a systematic innovation process. Belief that innovation is inherently risky. Below is a list of suggestions how to become successful innovators about overcoming the barriers to innovation: Have a vision for change. Innovation has to have a purpose, a statement which defines the direction for the business and which people will readily understand and remember. Your team needs to know the direction they are headed in order to be innovative. Illustrate the goals and explain to people how their role is decisive in meeting the goals to fulfill the organizational vision. Fight the fear of change. Innovative leaders constantly explain the need for change. They must paint a picture that shows an attractive future that is worth taking risks to achieve. Have a dynamic suggestions scheme. Great suggestion schemes are focused and open to all. Leaders do not need to offer huge rewards. Sometimes, recognition and response are generally more important. Break the rules. To achieve radical innovation leaders need to challenge all the assumptions related to how things should look in your environment. Business is like Art, with no well-defined rules and referees. Innovation is filled with opportunities for people who can take advantage in creating new ways to provide the goods and services that customers want. Give everyone two jobs. Ask your people to run their current jobs in the most effective way possible and at the same time to find completely new ways to do the job. Encourage them to identify the purpose of their role, the outcomes delivered through this role and if there is a better way to deliver that purpose. Collaborate. CEOs must see collaboration as key to their success during innovation. Success can not only be achieved by using internal resources, but also by looking outside of the organization for people to partner with. Welcome failure. The innovative leader encourages a culture where people feel free to innovate and experiment. Innovative leaders tell people that each unsuccessful attempt is a step along the road to success. When innovative leaders welcome innovation and create a culture of experimentation, means that they except failure and welcome it. Build prototypes. Innovative leaders are suggested to try the new ideas at low cost by building prototypes and see what the customer reaction is. You will learn more in the real world than you will in the test laboratories. Be passionate. Leaders must concentrate on the things they want to change, on the challenges they want to face and be passionate about overcoming them. Organizations need passionate supporters, who are inspired to innovate and change the way they do things to come up with extraordinary results. Be passionate about what you believe, communicate that passion every time you speak and explain why reaching the destination is really worthwhile (ArticleSnatch, n.d.). 1.3 Types of Innovation There exist four types of changes to achieve strategic edge within an organization. Managers can use these four types of changes to achieve competitive advantage in the international environment. Each company can have maximum impact upon the chosen market through its own unique configuration of technology, product and services, strategy and structure, and culture as explained below (Daft, 2001). 1.3.1 Technological Innovation Technological innovations refer to changes in an organizations production process to enable distinctive competence. Changes in an organizations production process, including its knowledge and skills base, are designed to produce greater in volume or to have a more efficient production. Changes in technology involve the work methods, equipment, and work flow techniques for making products or services. For example, in a university, technology changes are about changes in methods for teaching the courses. Tyagi (2008) suggests that traditionally innovation has been associated with the use of technological knowledge, and research and development activities. A technological innovation is any innovation due to an industrial application of scientific knowledge. Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner (2008) suggest that innovation involves the usage of new knowledge to transform organizational processes or create commercially viable products and services. The latest technology, results of experiments, creative insights, or competitive information may be the sources of new knowledge. However it comes about, innovation occurs when new combinations of ideas and information bring about positive change. Among the most important sources of new ideas is new technology. Technology creates new possibilities and provides the raw material that firms use to make innovative new products and services. But technology is not the only source of innovation. There can be innovations in human resources, firm infrastructure, marketing, service, or in many other value-adding areas that have little to do with anything ââ¬Å"high-tech.â⬠1.3.2 Product and Service Innovation Product and service innovations refer to the product or service outputs of an organization. New products may be in the form of entirely new product lines or small adaptions of existing products. New products are designed to develop new markets, or customers, or to increase the market share. Tyagi (2008) states that product innovation is about the introduction of new goods and services which have improvements in terms of design excellence, core characteristics, technical specifications etc. and are derived from customer or industry insight, or strategic alignment of the organization. Godin (2005) suggests that the old rule was to create safe and ordinary products that were combined with great marketing. The new rule is to create remarkable products and figure out a great theory by looking at whats working in the real world and what the various successes have in common. Identify what the successful companies have in common and do something to be remarkable. Roberts (2002) has made a distinction when discussing if innovation is between product/service innovation and process innovation. Product/Service innovation refers to efforts to develop new products or services for end users. Product/Service innovations tend to be more radical and are more common during the earlier stages of an industrys life cycle. As an industry matures, there are fewer opportunities for newness, so the innovations tend to be more incremental. Process innovation, by contrast, is associated with improving the efficiency of an organizational process, especially manufacturing systems and operations. Process innovations occur in the later stages of an industrys life cycle as companies seek ways to remain viable in markets where demand has flattened out and competition is more intensive. As a result, process innovations are often associated with overall cost leader strategies because the aim of many process improvements is to lower the cost of operations. There are several problems with seeking competitive advantage through investments in process technology. Firstly, the people who sell you robots or point-of-sale terminals, software to analyze production or service delivery will sell the robots, terminals, and software to your competitors. Your ability to obtain the benefits of this technology depends on your ability to implement it more rapidly and more effectively. Secondly, investment in specialized technology is not a substitute for skill in managing the work force. This is because more skills may be required to operate the more sophisticated and advanced equipments. Having a higher level of investment per employee will result in increasingly expensive interruptions in the process which means that the ability to operate, maintain, and repair equipment effectively becomes even more critical (Pfeffer, 1996). 1.3.3 Strategy and Structural Innovation Strategy and structural innovation refers to the administrative section in an organization. It is related to the management and supervision in the organization, including changes in an organizations strategic management and structure, policies, accounting and budgeting systems, reward systems, labor relations, coordination devices, management information and control systems. Strategy and structure changes in an organization are mandated by top management. They usually have a top-down structure. An example may be if the corporate goes downsizing. On the other hand, product and technology changes may come from the bottom up. 1.3.4 Cultural Innovation Cultural innovation refers to changes that may occur in an employees attitudes, beliefs, values, expectations, abilities, and behavior. Culture innovation tends to change the way employees think. These are changes in mindset rather than the technology, structure, or products and services. Culture can be a powerful force undermining or shoring up the effectiveness of a nation, a business, and a manager. Recognizing the presence and power of culture will help in better navigating through the rough seas of international business. Discovering how to harness the power of culture in an organization will help the organization gain competitive advantage (Schneider and Barsoux, 2003). To conclude, it can be said that successful innovation in an organization occurs when technological and product or process innovations in the value chain are implemented through effective strategy and structure innovation. Innovation in an organization, which includes people, leadership, creativity, process and organizational culture, is the driver to grow, to achieve high profits and to succeed in the market. Innovation in an organization should be approached in a systematic way and not a piecemeal manner and should be initiated even at the lowest levels (Tyagi, 2008). 1.4 Leadership in Practice of Innovation Many organizations are resistant to changes and continue operating the way they had been operating in the past. To remain competitive, they work harder, improve efficiency, reduce cost and implement best practices. But, this is not enough. Instead of getting stuck in their standard mode of operations, organizations need to adopt innovative ways to change the strategies. The best way to create a competitive edge and be in the head of the competition is to innovate by drawing advantage from the creative power of your people. Turn your greatest assets into opportunistic entrepreneurs who discover new ways and improve the way they do business. Management innovation involves total transformation of existing culture to enhance organizational performance in an integrated manner involving technological innovation, product and service innovation, and strategy and structural innovation (Tyagi, 2008). Sloane (2003) suggests that every organization needs to have a vision, a culture and a process of innovation to build a truly innovative environment. There are eight key elements that create a truly innovative and entrepreneurial organization as below: Painting the vision. The first step is to paint a desirable, challenging and believable vision. Innovative leaders must be sure that people share a common goal and embarke on a journey all together. Being all together means they accept easier the changes, all the challenges and difficulties that show up during the journey. Innovative leaders should delegate more responsibility, and empower the staff with control over their work. Once staff is aware of the goal and direction headed, they contribute the best creative ways to solve challenges and obstacles that lie ahead. Build an open and questioning culture. The painted picture quickly fades away from view, so great leaders should take time to meet staff and illustrate the goals to be achieved and the challenges to overcome. Leaders inspire the staff to become entrepreneurs finding innovative routes to success and constantly remind them how their role is decisive in fulfilling the vision and meeting the challenges. Empowering. The purpose of empowering your people is to turn them into entrepreneurs looking for new opportunities. By empowering, leaders enable them to develop the skills for the task and achieve the change through their own efforts to come up with radical innovations. People need freedom to succeed and need to understand and agree on what management expects of them. People and management must agree on the scope of freedom and responsibility. Empowering means trusting your people, supporting and believing that they will achieve great things. Set goals, deadlines and measurements for innovation. Change is uncomfortable, resulting in anxiously people fearing an embarrassing or costly failure. Leaders should spend time with people encouraging them to undertake risks and come out from their safety zones. Leaders should reassure them that risks are necessary and worth taking and no one will be punished if their initiatives do not succeed. Use creativity techniques to generate a large number of ideas. Innovative leaders should build a culture where everyone can come up with creative solutions and crazy ideas through techniques, methods, and workshops. The goal is to change the people within the organization; from people who do routine jobs into highly energized entrepreneurs who constantly search for new and better ways of making the vision a reality. People need to be trained to learn the skills and to develop the confidence to try new methods, and use creative techniques to come up with new solutions. Review, filter and select ideas. In the innovation process many ideas are generated in response to a given issue or challenge. At the end, the most promising idea is selected. Prototype the promising proposals. After the idea is selected, then the move is to rapidly prototype it. Analyze the results and the successful projects. New product is tested for its feasibility, attractiveness and payback. Those that pass these criteria are given more funding. King (2009) suggests that the most effective, efficient and leading edge organizations are those that innovate and encourage innovation. Innovative organizations require a strong leadership team to approve the importance of innovation and create a culture for it. A development of strong capabilities for innovation leadership need to be started early in the career development process. In an innovative culture, the staff is given freedom to innovate and experiment. In an innovative culture, risks are managed and the organization understands and accepts that future success is built on a series of learning from unsuccessful attempts. Collaboration with outside parties to generate and adopt innovations is encouraged. Success will depend on strong leadership. We can take learning from market leaders to help us identify key leadership behaviors to promote innovation as explained below: Lead continuous innovation and improvement. Develop and communicate an encouraging story. Encourage partnerships and collaboration. Staff should be exposed to new viewpoints and ideas that can be adapted in the organization. To do this, the organization should create partnerships and collaboration with different parts within or outside the organization. Promote innovation. Organization should consider innovation as a core part of its role, and time is allocated for its employees to innovate. Different organizations have created bespoke rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-79739308738550391162020-01-19T09:56:00.001-08:002020-01-19T09:56:04.986-08:00Assessing the Impact of Using Internet for Competitive IntelligenceAssessing the impact of using Internet for competitive intelligence Here is the summary of an interesting scientific paper dealing with the impact of using the Internet for competitive intelligence. The Internet, as an information-rich resource and interorganizational communication tool, has transformed the way that firms gather, produce and transmit competitive intelligence (CI). The aim of this article is to assess the impact of the Internet on CI and the subsequent effects on the organization. What is CI?It is a process of knowing what the competition is up to and staying one step ahead of it, by gathering information about competitors and ideally, applying this information in short- and long-term strategic planning. It refers to actionable information about the external business environment that could affect a companyââ¬â¢s competitive position. CI is not industrial espionage given that 90% of all information that a company needs to make critical decisions and to understand it s market and competitors is already public or can be systematically developed from public data.The growth of the Internet has led to CI professionals exploiting its information richness and hypermedia capabilities for CI activities. By using the Internet, a company can monitor the presence, posture, products, and prices of other players in its industry. It can track the views of customers and seek out new ideas and expertise internationally. Model : they examine the downstream effects of using the Internet (for research, internal and external use) on quality of CI information and its subsequent effects on organizational performance.Concretely, the model could be summarized as followed: Research + Internal Use + External Use Quality of CI information Impact on organization The first three components symbolized the Internet Usage. Results and implications The results of this study indicate that using the Internet has a positive impact on the quality of CI information. There is a posit ive relationship between usage of CI information and organizational performance. It shows that the improved quality of CI information through Internet usage has a positive impact on organization.The results suggest that there is a direct positive link between usage of the Internet (for research, internal or external purpose) and the quality of CI information, and a positive downstream impact on the organizationsââ¬â¢ strategic benefits. Although there may be some concerns about the reliability and timeless of information published on the Internet, there is little doubt that it is one of the most cost-effective means of obtaining information. However, data must be transformed into knowledge and order has to be created from the chaos of the Internet.The information overload from the Internet also makes focused research difficult but ââ¬Ëintelligent agentsââ¬â¢ have to be developed to automate and alleviate the CI professionalââ¬â¢s information gathering workload. My opinio n: This paper has been written in 2001, which means a very long time ago when we are talking about the Internet and its information storage capabilities. Do you think this paper is no longer suitable for the current situation we are experiencing (empowerment of the customers through social medias, increased access to the Internet, hackers and so on) ?Moreover, they say that the ââ¬Ëintelligent agentsââ¬â¢ have to learn how to scan the information to find the relevant one and that itââ¬â¢s the most cost-effective means of obtaining information, do you think this notion is still true or must be nuanced ? Bron: ââ¬Å"Assessing the impact of using Internet for competitive intelligenceâ⬠Thompson S. H. Teo & Wing Yee Choo Information & Management 39 (2001) 67-83 http://www. cuaed. unam. mx/puel_cursos/cursos/d_gcfe_m_tres/modulo/modulo_3/m3-4. pdf rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-62841890158999387992020-01-11T06:20:00.001-08:002020-01-11T06:20:04.369-08:00Blood typeAn application of Science to Law, Science to Criminal Justice The analysis of physical, chemical and biological evidence Forensic Medicine deals with crimes involving a human body (Murder, rape, assault) Forensic science enables us to reconstruct the past sequence of events. Forensic science can link a suspect to a crime scene. Examples of forensic evidences are: Fibers (clothes, carpet) Hair Blood If newsprint Shoe print Paint Forensic evidence can distinguish been murder and suicide. Locator Exchange Principle by Proof.Edmond Locator ââ¬Å"Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects. All of these and more, bear mute witness against him. This is evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by the exciteme nt of the moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are. It is factual evidence. Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot be wholly absent.Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can diminish its value. Every Contact leaves a Trace Case Study: Burglar severed a finger on razor wire while breaking into a builder's yard was caught by police when he went to hospital for treatment. Earliest forensics lab in US is in Austria, LISA in LAP. Singapore forensic lab is set up in 1960 by Proof Chaos Tweeze Change, now part of HAS. In a Forensic Science Lab, you can find: . Physical Science Licit a. Identification and comparison of evidence b. Chemical tests c. Spectroscopy d. Microscopy Drugs, glass, paint, explosives, soilâ⬠¦ E. 2.Biology Unit a. Hair b. Plants 3. DNA Lab DNA analysis a. 4. Firearms Unit a. Guns b. Bullets c. Cartridge cases . Firearm damage 5. Documents Unit a. Handwriting b. Printing Paper d. Ink 6. Photography Jinni a. Record of evidence b. Presentation Toxicology ââ¬â drugs and poisons in body fluids and organs Latent Fingerprints ââ¬â using chemical means to making them visible Polygraph ââ¬â or lie detector Vectoring -? analysis of voices Psychiatric Profiling -? What can we tell about the criminal from the way they commit the crime Computer Forensics and Electronic Forensics -? What can be learnt from deleted data?How can other electronic trails be followed? Forensic Engineering ââ¬â Examine the engine emerging aspects of a building or object Forensic Entomology ââ¬â Using insects to provide information Forensic Geology ââ¬â Soil Analysis on mineral content and chemistry. Soil in different countries have individualistic composition. This composition helps to narrow down to a region Of the world. Forensic Anthropology ââ¬â Examination of skeletal remains Facial Reconstruction ââ¬â If you have the skull, can you tell what the face looks like?Forensic Demonology ââ¬â using teeth to provide information such as identification of victims remains or criminal Identification: physical objects Biological properties Chemical properties/constituents We collect as many evidence as we can on scene. These evidences have class characteristics that can put an object in a certain class or group like brand of shoe, type of fiber or type of bullet. Individualizing: Narrowing the class to one, Attaining more information from evidences from a crime scene.Physical objects: Manufacturer, serial number, fingerprints Chemicals: Trace elements and impurities Biological samples: Blood type and DNA analysis Then we do comparison and associate the evidence to the crime scene and the criminal. After which, reconstruction to understand the sequence of past events and Re-enactment Chapter 2: Spectroscopy and the Structure of Atoms Elements are the basic materials consisting of 93 natural basics and many more artificial ones. Elements can neither be created nor dest royed.Paper Cellulose consists of C, H, O CA Carbon Dioxide CA and Water H2O Human Body consists of C, H, O, N, P, S, Ca, An, K, Feeâ⬠¦ DDCD, H2O, N oxides, P oxides, S oxides, Ca oxides or hydroxidesâ⬠¦ Teeth contains Au or Hag C] Au or Hag oxides Analysis: Which elements are present? E. G. Suspected lead or mercury poisoning but are these metals present in the body regardless of their chemical form? Toxicology. E. G. FUN analysis. How much of these elements were present in the Poltroon bones? Time of Death. What is it made of? How can we identify the elements present in an object?Bulk composition (what is it mostly made of? )e. G. Bullets are mostly lead. Trace impurities (what is a small part of it made or? ) e. G. Bullets have silver and antimony Chemical tests can be done to identify these elements and chemical tests have the following characteristics: Large amounts Of sample is needed Destructive Subjected to interference Fast process Easy to do Simple equipment White light consists of all colors. In the early 19th century, black bands observed in the solar spectrum. Different spectroscopic techniques use different frequencies of light.The different frequencies of light interact differently with the molecules. Structure of Atom: Tiny, dense, positively charged core called nucleus where nearly all mass is concentrated with electrons circulating at some distance. Founded by Ernest Rutherford. Nielsen Boor found that electrons are restricted to specific energy levels, therefore atoms don't destroy themselves due to electrostatic attraction. Electrons can jump to higher energy levels by absorbing energy. Electrons can release energy when they drop to a lower level. The frequency of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed is proportional to LEE DeBroglie equation: E = HP (Constant x frequency of electrons) Absorption Spectroscopy is when electron jump to higher energy levels, energy IS absorbed. A drop in graph for short interval of time. Em ission Spectroscopy is when electron drops to lower energy levels, energy is given out. A sharp spike in graph. Flame tests for metals: if a metal salt is introduced to a flame, a characteristic color is produced. Energy of the flame excites electrons in the atoms and light is emitted as the atoms drop back to ground state. Sodium: Orange Barium & Copper: Green Calcium & Lithium: Red Potassium: LilacAtomic Absorption Spectrometer (AS): Advantages: Fast Specific Sensitive Small sample size Disadvantages: Element by element Neutron Activation Analysis (*ANA) Non-destructive but needs a nuclear reactor Changes the nature of element Each emitted gamma ray is at dif. Energy level. Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscope ââ¬â Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEEM- DEG)* Non-destructive analysis looking at core electrons Use the electron beam of the microscope to eject core electrons Ejecting a core electron creates a vacancy. When a higher energy electron drops to fill vacancy, a characteristic X-ray is emittedCASE STUDY: Napoleon. Analysis of hair samples by Neutron Activation Analysis shows arsenic. Paint used for one of Napoleon's wallpaper is Chisel's Green which consists of copper arsenate. SEEM-DEG shows presence of arsenic. When copper arsenate reacts with mold, arsenic gas is produced. CASE STUDY: Kennedy Assassination 22nd Novo 1 963 Analysis of bullets fragments by Neutron Activation Analysis (ANA) shows the content of Antimony and Silver. You are What You Eat! Bones consists of calcium phosphate in a protein matrix. Calcium is derived from the diet.. Other metals may also be incorporated if they are present in diet.Relative abundance of trace elements in bone can indicate geographical origin: Strontium, copper and lead. Chapter 3: Time Of Death Alger Morris: After death, muscles relax, body is limp and starts to cool down. The rate at which body temperature cools depends on size of body, location, clothing, weather. Different parts of the body co ols at different rates. E. G. Brain cools faster than liver. General rule is -1 to 1. Degrees Fahrenheit However, note that the body may start to warm up after 2 days due to start of putrefaction Rigor Morris: Lactic acid in the muscles causes tension up to 36 hours after death E. . Jaws (errs), arms (4-errs), legs(8-1 Oh RSI), whole body (10-rush) Liver Morris (Color of the body): Also known as Postmortem lividly: the black and blue disconsolation of the skin of a cadaver, resulting from an accumulation of degenerated blood in subcutaneous vessels. Hypothesis: poor or stagnant circulation in a dependent part of the body or an organ. Settling of red blood cells due to gravity (post mortem lividly, hypothesis 0-ours) Disconsolation in lower parts. Parts on the ground not affected due to compression of capillaries (contact flattening) *Has the body been moved?If a body has been moved, he calculation of the body may not give the correct approximation of the time of death. *Take note th at CO poisoning has similar symptoms as Liver Morris, CO poisoning results in cherry pink calculation due to the carbon monoxide-hemoglobin complex Physiological Changes in the body after Death. The average core temperature of a body is 9. Degree Fahrenheit. Postmortem interval = 99. 6/1. 5 (general rule). Other indicators that can estimate the time of death are: Kit levels in ocular fluid (vitreous humor) which increase after death Stomach and intestine contents (time of last meal).A stomach empties its contents in about 2 hours. Look at other objects such as watches or mobile phone records and CATV. Putrefaction This is the process when your micro-organisms start to eat you after death. This produces gases and characteristic smells. The rate of putrefaction depends heavily on local factors such as temperature and also drug use. Forensic Entomology (Using insects) Insects can arrive and lay eggs as early as minis after death. In order to estimate the time of death, the species, lif e cycle, local conditions of that particular insect must be known. Live maggots are collected from the corpse and rear until adulthood.After which, back calculate age and determine pieces. Skeletal Remains A forensic pathologist or anthropologist will use astrology, the study of bones, to find out as much as possible about the identity of a skeleton or collection of bones. Sometimes they rely on skeletal radiology, the study of bones through x rays or fluorescence (light-emission) to help make the identification. No fluorescence indicates that the skeletal remains is 1 00 years old or more. FUN analysis As time passes, the organic components of bone (mostly fats and proteins) are lost primarily through bacterial action.Since these components contain nitrogen, there is a progressive loss of that element. At the same time, percolating ground water deposits trace amounts of fluorine and other elements, such as uranium, into the bone. Bone nitrogen content decreases with age (proteins b reakdown). Bone fluoride and uranium increases with age. Fresh bones should contain 4% of nitrogen and 0% fluoride and uranium. Therefore, FUN analysis is useful for comparing samples from the same burial grounds/sites. Carbon-14 Dating The natural amount of ICC, a radioactive isotope formed in atmosphere by cosmic rays, is constant and living things have this proportion of ICC.Radioactive atoms decay at a predicable rate and only half of the atoms will eve decayed in arrears. Hence measuring the amount of ICC allows estimation of time of death through back calculation. This method is not accurate for Components can be detected as they get to the end. Movement is due to the flow of a liquid or gas (mobile phase). Thin Layer Chromatography (TTL) Colored compounds are visible to the eye while others can be made visible through chemical staining or UP light. TTL is a presumptive test, it is unable to distinguish all the different compounds in the sample and only provides 2 answers: NO or MAYBE. Gas Chromatography (GO) GO can only be used if the unknown sample passes TTL. GO depends on the rate of which the compound moves at different temperatures. GO is still not accurate enough.High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HAPLY) HAPLY is similar to GO, but uses a liquid mobile phase. The graph result of HAPLY has very sharp and narrow peaks which are highly distinguishable to determine the different compounds in an unknown sample accurately. HAPLY GO For both methods: Efficient, highly selective and widely applicable Only a small amount of sample is needed Non-destructive to the sample Readily adapted to quantitative analysis Has high resolution Advantages of HAPLY: Can accommodate non-volatile and thermally unstable samples Advantages of GO: Simple and inexpensive equipment Rapid process How do we tell what compound is it?By comparison of chromatography of authentic samples By spectroscopy By spectrometry Infra-red Spectroscopy Based on molecular vibrations (stretch ing and bending of chemical bonds) Stretching frequency depends on masses involved and stiffness of the bond The graph of infra-red spectroscopy has 2 parts, before 1 500 wave number and after 1500 wave number Before 1500-6000 wave number shows the characteristics Of the class of compounds, but not Of individual compound After 1500 ââ¬â 600 wave number shows Characteristic of individual compound like a molecular fingerprint Mass Spectrometry Measures the molecular weight of the sample. . Sample is introduced into a vacuum box 2. Sample is bombarded with electrons, leaving only positively-charged ions 3. Ions are accelerated by high voltages (100 ââ¬â 1 0,VIVO), ions is deflected into magnetic field to detectors, measuring the mass of the molecule. *Know how to calculate molecular weight Some molecules will break up in the spectrometer known as Fragmentation. Gas Chromatography ââ¬â Mass Spectrometry (GO-MS) Another hyphenated tech unique. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-68806021951102638262020-01-03T02:44:00.001-08:002020-01-03T02:44:02.671-08:00Jonathan Swiftââ¬â¢s A Modest Proposal Essay - 459 Words Jonathan Swiftââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposalâ⬠In Jonathan Swiftââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposal,â⬠published in 1729, Swift engages in an extraordinary amount of irony and satire. Swift states that in order to reduce famine in Ireland and to solve the problems that they are having that eating children would be a good solution. This is not the purpose of Swiftââ¬â¢s essay. The real intent was to get the people of Britain to notice that the ideas that they were coming up with were not any better than his satirical one, and new ideas and efforts needed to come forth in order to solve the problem. Swift stresses that it is hard for mothers to provide for their children and it is not getting any easier. He feels that this is due to an overpopulation andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He believes that these less than a year old infants can survive mostly on breast milk and need little other nourishment. So, Swiftââ¬â¢s idea is that after a child has reached a year old, that child is to be sold as food to the wealthier members in that society or anybody who can afford it. From Swiftââ¬â¢s perspective using the children as food is the most efficient and cheap way to make the children a contribution rather than a burden. Swift realizes that there is a downfall to this approach. That downfall is a sharp decrease in population. Although that is part of the goal, it could create too much of a decline in the population than wanted. However, this is the only con that Swift mentions. Swift goes on in great detail to explain his many pros for this idea. Swift feels that since most of the children born into this poverty grow up to be thieves and beggars that it would be doing society a favor in the long run. Swift also states that he is open to any other opinions that anyone may have regarding solutions to the famine that the country is facing. Here he is merely saying that he wants to hear what is going to be done about this famine and when something is going to be done. He also shows his concern in this essay for such tragedies that this country is facing or may be facing. He shows that he genuinely cares about what happens and he is willing to help. Nothing will get done about itShow MoreRelatedJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal949 Words à |à 4 Pages ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposalâ⬠by Jonathan Swift takes place in Dublin Ireland in the 18th century. The narrator is a very ironic character. His ââ¬Å"modestâ⬠proposal is anything but modest. This short story takes place during a famine. Since there was a famine, Swift proposes the idea that people sell their one year old children to the rich so they would not be a burden to their family. One important way in which the author engages the audienceââ¬â¢s attention and tries to help his readers see deeper politicalRead MoreJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal844 Words à |à 4 Pagesprepared for Ms. Harveys English 1101 Class A Simple Solution Jonathan Swiftââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposalâ⬠is centered in Ireland in 1729. Swift describes his plan to reduce the amount of homelessness, poverty, and malnutrition. He begins by describing constantly seeing women with four or five children begging for food. Swift suggests plumping up the young children before selling them to the wealthy of Ireland for consumption. Dr. Jonathan Swiftââ¬â¢s proposal not only potentially creates more problems than it solvesRead More Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay1150 Words à |à 5 PagesJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Swift was said to ââ¬Å"declare at one stage in his life: ââ¬ËI am not of this vile country (Ireland), I am an Englishmanââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Hertford website). In his satire ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposal,â⬠he illustrates his dislike not only for the Irish, but for the English, organized religions, rich, greedy landlords, and people of power. It is obvious that Swift dislikes these people, but the reader must explore from where his loathing for the groups of people stems. I believe Swift notRead MoreIrony in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal1101 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe tome is usually kept serious and Irony and satire are widely used in such writings. On the other hand while describing the recent developments in genetic engineering, the tone would be objective and humor or satire would be ineffective here. Jonathan Swift was famous for his sarcastic remarks on the government of his days and his works are full of satire and irony which appear to be humorous but carry a sharp edge which make them effective for expressing political ideas. ââ¬Å"Irony refers eitherRead More Jonathan Swifts Essay, A Modest Proposal659 Words à |à 3 PagesJonathan Swifts Essay, A Modest Proposal Jonathan Swift in his essay, A Modest Proposal suggests a unique solution to the problem concerning poor children in Ireland. Swift uses several analytical techniques like statistics, induction, and testimony to persuade his readers. His idea is admirable because he suggests that instead of putting money into the problem, one can make money from the problem. However, his proposal is inhumane. Swift wrote his proposal for those that were tired ofRead MoreEssay on Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal1391 Words à |à 6 Pages In Jonathan Swiftââ¬â¢s essay, ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposalâ⬠, Swift proposes that the poor should eat their own starving children during a great a famine in Ireland. What would draw Swift into writing to such lengths? When times get hard in Ireland, Swift states that the children would make great meals. The key factor to Swiftââ¬â¢s essay that the reader must see that Swift is not literally ordering the poor to cannibalize. Swift acknowledges the fact of the scarcity of food and empathizes with the struggling andRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal998 Words à |à 4 Pagesbest way to eliminate the social issues that are influencing it.Swift starts by taunting and blaming the moms of the children by saying that if they are capable of finding work they should instead of asking for money. Swift, wrote the essay,A Modest Proposal as a sarcastic approach to show people that they are not showing any interest or even coming up with working plans to decrease these social problems, for example, fetus removal, overpopulation, and poorness. Through his terribly twisted ideaRead MoreSummary Of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal918 Words à |à 4 PagesIrish. One of these people was a man named Jonathan Swift. In his essay ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposalâ⬠Swift challenges the status quo of the time and place in which it was written by proposing that they eat the children of the poor, ending the hate between the Protestants and the Catholics, and suggesting that the landowners have mercy towards their tenants. In his essay, Swift first suggests that the population of Ireland eat the children of the poor. This proposal would shock anyone, but it was definitelyRead MoreAnalysis of Jonathan Swifts Essay A Modest Proposal903 Words à |à 4 PagesJonathan Swifts 1729 essay A Modest Proposal deals with societal issues contemporary to him and is meant to provide harsh criticism in regard to values promoted by society at the time. The author uses this essay with the purpose of suggesting that he found the solution to financial problems experienced by the Irish during the era. By advising these people to sell their people to wealthy individuals in England, he intends to satirize society by emphasizing the cruel attitudes generally expressedRead MoreJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal And The Daily Show1139 Words à |à 5 Pagesgrievances and wait for slow and often ineffective changes to take place. However, in the eighteenth century Jonathan Swift broke societys norms through his highly disturbing and shocking satirical piece A Modest Proposal. Swift proposes to the English Protestants a cannibal solution for the Irish Catholic children who are dying of starvation and diseases on the streets each day. Swiftââ¬â¢s far from ââ¬Å"modestâ⬠solution paved the way for modern day satirical outlets like The Daily Show. In a time where news commentators rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-15873514288256398552019-12-25T23:11:00.001-08:002019-12-25T23:11:02.685-08:00Diversity in the Workplace at Sunway Holdings - 1207 Words Sunway Holdings was incorporated in 2010. Starting as a local tin-mining and quarrying company back in 1974, Sunway Holdings was listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia as a leading regional property and construction company. ( Sustainability Report, 2011) As Sunway is one of Malaysiaââ¬â¢s most recognised and outstanding groups with more than 8000 employees over 40 locations worldwide, issues of cultural diversity in workplace has been challenged. Cultural Diversity in Sunwayââ¬â¢s Workplace Sunway embrace diversity at the workplace by employing people from different backgrounds to have a better understanding of todayââ¬â¢s dynamic market demographics. Since there is a diverse workforce, the employees play an important role in the contribution of our company work performance as they have become more competitive in todayââ¬â¢s challenging and globalised economy. The real challenge comes when they encounter conflicts due to differences among individuals from different cultural groups which negatively affect our companyââ¬â¢s workgroup outcomes. Factors of Cultural Diversity Sunway tends to face cultural diversity conflict because of the differences in terms of language and communication style under ethnic origin, gender, and age among employees. Ethnic Origins People of different ethnic backgrounds have different attitudes and values in workplace. It can be seen that same cultural groups have better outcomes in our company because they possess the same ideas and point of views due to theirShow MoreRelatedCase 29 Panera Bread Company: Rising Fortunes?25159 Words à |à 101 Pagesprovider in Malaysia. Therefore, we invest significantly in leadership development and training, as well as nurturing the talent of our employees. We value the diversity that colleagues bring, with individuals able to see things with different perspectives and fresh ideas. We have measures in place to ensure that our workplaces embrace this diversity. We think also that it is important to get the fundamentals of employment right: health and safety, and benefits and rights. 3. Advocating Environmentally rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-59391538379079522122019-12-17T18:58:00.001-08:002019-12-17T18:58:04.776-08:00Effects Of Long Term Incarceration On Prisoners - 900 Words General area of investigation The topic I am exploring is the effects of long-term incarceration on prisonerââ¬â¢s mental and psychological state. Many individuals believe that long- term incarceration and the conditions of prisons have negatively affected inmates psychologically and mentally. It has been discovered that post-traumatic stress disorders and anxiety is shared between those who have been in prison for a long period or those who are adapted to prison life. (Garcia) Incarceration was created to help the prisoners reimburse themselves and learn from their mistake, instead incarceration has the power to corrupt prisoners mentally and can follow the individuals after being released preventing them to live a normal steady life. The effects of long-term incarceration on prisoners can be viewed as ironic, which is what attracted me to this topic. Irony is defined as a state of events that appear different to what one expects, which illustrates the effects of long-term incarceration. From doing this project, I hope to be more knowledgeable regarding the issues surrounding the effects of long-term incarceration concerning prisoners who have been released. This topic fits in with the course theme, as it views the roles incarcerations plays in our society and its objective. Primary Research Question Does long-term incarceration affect a prisonersââ¬â¢ psychological and mental state after being released out of prison or reimburse yourself? Long-term incarceration wasShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Brain Essay1493 Words à |à 6 Pageswithin prisons by an order of magnitude. With this rising statistic, it becomes increasingly urgent to understand the effect of incarceration on our prisoners and whether the reformation process is actually doing more harm than good. Advances in Psychology offer us a greater lens to study the tangible effects of incarceration on the brain and whether there are long-term side effects that could persist well after release. It is crucial to understand these negatives as the repercussions of ignoranceRead MoreAmeric Land Of The Incarcerated1296 Words à |à 6 Pagescountry of mass incarceration which emphasizes on punishing offenders rather than rehabilitating them into productive citizens. To the typical American, radical governments such as Russia or China come to mind when one thinks about countries that have strict criminal codes that punish offenders with extreme prison sentences. Shockingly, the United States has the worldââ¬â¢s highest incarceration rate of 716 prisoners per 100,000 citizens compared to the average country of 144 prisoners per 100,000 (WalmsleyRead MoreThe Major Punishment For Criminal Acts1526 Words à |à 7 Pagesterritorial prisons and military prisons, as well as local jails. By October 2013, America had the highest rate of incarceration across the globe at 718 per 100,000 people. It is equally important to note that as of December 2014, the International Centre for Prison Studies reported that there were 2, 783,689 prisoners from the total population of 319 million. The major causes of increased incarceration rate increased sentencing laws, privatization of the prisons, and drug sentencing laws. It has resulted inRead MoreThe Effects Of Children After Parental Incarceration1302 Words à |à 6 PagesA Literature Review: The Effects on Children After Parental Incarceration Prisons have been around for centuries and in many countries the prison population has grown quickly. The prisonersââ¬â¢ health, behavior and well-being have been focal points in many social concerns, however; incarceration goes beyond the prisonersââ¬â¢ experience. It touches employment after incarceration, social stigma, and families and communities that have been affected by incarceration, especially a child with incarcerated parentsRead MoreThe Problem With Mass Incarceration1445 Words à |à 6 Pages The Problem with Mass Incarceration Over the past few decades, the United States has witnessed a huge surge in the number of individuals in jail and in prison. Evidence suggests the mass imprisonment policy from the last 40 years was a horrible catastrophe. Putting more people in prison not only ruined lives, it disrupted families, prevented ex-prisoners to find housing, to get an education, or even a good job. Regrettably, the United States has a higher percent of its population incarceratedRead MoreAmerica s Scandalous Incarceration Rate921 Words à |à 4 PagesAmericaââ¬â¢s scandalous incarceration rate In the U.S. there has been a rise in incarcerations, the numbers today are much higher than they were 30, 40 years ago despite the fact that crime is at historic lows. So what are we to make of the leap in time typically served for crimes in Americaââ¬â¢s society? Either the justice system was too lenient in the past, or the justice system is too strict now. Have we just now realized the real gravity of murder, or are we now overreacting? Those who have servedRead MoreUnited States Prisons And Prisons1052 Words à |à 5 Pagesdiscuss Chapter 6 Jails and Prisons. Jails and Prisons Jails and Prisons have no discrimination at all. You have all different kinds of people locked up behind bars different race, gender, beliefs, etc. They were first intended for incarceration of prisoners in Colonial America and the United States was local jails, which served primarily for detention prior to trial or execution rather than for punishment or rehabilitation of the criminal like now a days. After doing a little bit of researchRead MoreMass Incarceration Of The United States1417 Words à |à 6 Pagesbeen a rise in incarcerations, the numbers today are much higher than they were 30, 40 years ago despite the fact that crime is at historic lows. So what are we to make of the leap in time typically served for crimes in Americaââ¬â¢s society? Either the justice system was too lenient in the past, or the justice system is too strict now. Have we just now realized the real gravity of murder, or are we now overreacting? The United States currently over-incarcerates its citizens, prisoners have become partRead MoreEssay on Criminal Rehabilitation in the United States Justice System1640 Words à |à 7 Pageshis or her incarceration. Professionals will tell you that incarceration really does very little to stop crime, but we go on spending billions of dollars in order to lock up more and more people. We have become the country with the highest incarceration rate in the indust rialized world. (National Criminal Justice Commission) This quote from Dave Kelly shows many of the issues with the United Stateââ¬â¢s criminal justice system today. The prison population is increasing because prisoners are being takenRead MoreA Critique Of America s Correctional System1444 Words à |à 6 Pagescorrectional system in the United States, and whether or not alternative available options will benefit current reform efforts using social functionalism and structuralism to analyze the correctional system in America. So why might a population, small in terms of global scale incarcerate over 1.5 million people every year? Many blame the U.S. judicial system for following a harsh sentencing structure; others claim statistical flaws in the research numbers skew the data; some maintain psychological problems rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8421265762558301142.post-63313030176755702312019-12-09T15:41:00.001-08:002019-12-09T15:41:05.216-08:00Health And Body Essay Research Paper In free essay sample Health And Body Essay, Research Paper In all parts of life there are periods of hardship that we must confront, the existent challenge nevertheless, is what and how we gain from suppressing those tests. There have been many times that I have been faced with hardship, it has happened in all facets of my life at one clip or another. Whether it is covering with the ups and downs of hockey or equilibrating the force per unit area that comes with an elect hockey agenda and high school, there are ever obstructions. Some of these challenges can convey approximately positive effects that influence the way of one # 8217 ; s life. In one such experience of mine, the sum of hardship was non near every bit great as the positive out come that came from my experience. It happened when I was 13, I suffered a hockey hurt that helped me to recognize the country I wanted to analyze and hopefully have career in. The clip it took me to rehabilitate my shoulder was a clip of great acquisition for me but it besides came with a great trade of hardship. It was an hurt that sidelined me for hebdomads while at the same clip pushed me on my manner to a new work ethic and a new enthusiasm for acquisition. When I was in grade seven, I was playing my 2nd twelvemonth of runt hockey and playing for my junior high school squad every bit good. The junior high conference allowed checking and the runt conference did non. Because of this I was non accustomed to the new facet of hockey brought on by look intoing. I was injured in an intense game against our rival junior high, which was filled with plentifulness of look intoing. I was on the having terminal of a barbarous cheque from behind which is something non permitted in any conference, the participant that hit me received a punishment and a game ejection. I tried to go on playing but it was no usage, I was hardly able to raise my arm. I ended up in the infirmary where the physician informed me that I had badly dislocated my left shoulder and would hold to lose up to three hebdomads of drama. I had neer been forced to lose hockey because of an hurt before and it was the worst intelligence I had of all time heard. The clip I missed from hock ey was one of the most hard periods I had been through up to that point. The physician at the infirmary referred me to a physical therapist, whom I met with three times. The physical therapist, who seemed to be a small unfamiliar with my hurt, gave me an exercising plan that was supposed to mend my shoulder. Because the physician and physical therapist I ab initio met with were non athleticss specializers I would subsequently be confronted with the fact that a disjointed shoulder takes more than merely a few hebdomads to mend and it can # 8217 ; t really be determined how long it takes until it has been healed. I sacredly followed the exercising plan given to me by my physical therapist but was seeing minimum betterment. After the initial three hebdomads was over I was still in a great trade of hurting and still had problem traveling my arm. Equally obvious as the fact that I could non play was, I still tried to convert my parents that I could return to playing hockey. They felt it was better for me to hold it checked by a specializer. Because I was still experiencing hurting I decide to take their advice. My pa arranged an assignment with one of the top orthopaedic/sports medical specialty specializers in Nova Scotia. She examined my shoulder and found that my old rehabilitative government was uneffective, the harm was worse than I had thought and she told me that I would non be able to take part in any contact athletics for the following three to six hebdomads. A referral from this physician sent me to a physical therapist and so a kinesiologist who gave me a different, more strict exercising plan that produced great betterment to my shoulder. This plan was much harder physically and took much more commitment to follow. I was acquiring up one hr earlier for school each forenoon so that I could make the exercisings twice a twenty-four hours. I had neer had to work so difficult at something before in my life but returning to hockey every bit shortly as possible was something I was really determined to win at. While following this plan I gained a reinforced work ethic. I realized for the first clip that to carry through something as large and every bit of import as this, it would take a desire that out weighed all other distractions ; I had made returning to hockey my chief precedence. This new apprehension of the committedness it took to get the better of such obstructions bit by bit showed up in other countries subsequently on in my life. Along with this new work ethic I besides found I had developed an enthusiasm for rehabilitative scientific disciplines. The things being told to me by the healers and specializers that I was on a regular basis run intoing with were intriguing to me and motivated me to seek and derive more cognition about what they were stating me. Through things like independe nt research into strength preparation and inquiring my physical therapist as many inquiries as I could, I was deriving cognition of the human organic structure and how it works from a muscular point of view. The things that I was larning about my organic structure were a great trade easier to retrieve than what I was larning at school and I was acquiring enjoyment out of it every bit good. The procedure of rehabilitating my shoulder ended up taking four hebdomads more than expected but with the counsel of the new specializers I was run intoing with, it went swimmingly and was a success. My shoulder healed in clip for me to fall in my squads for play-offs and both ended up making rather good. That nevertheless was non the greatest accomplishment I gained from the rehabilitative procedure. I found myself perusing the desire to get greater cognition about the human organic structure and how it heals hurts like the one I suffered and how that procedure can be improved through exercising and strength preparation. I researched the Internet, libraries and wellness magazines seeking to happen as much information as I could approximately this involvement I was developing. As clip went on I continued to research and was retaining the information I found, I was non able to make this as easy with other topics. As my cognition grew my desire to larn more grew along with it. Throughout my surveies I noticed that much of the information I was acquiring had a background in biological science. My schooling to that point dealt really small with biological science. An involvement in biological science began to develop as a consequence of my desire to larn more about athleticss medical specialty. I decided that to better understand the things I was larning in relation to athleticss medical specialty I would take biological science in high school. When I entered class 11 I found the biological science class exhilarating, for the first clip I was basking what my instructor at school was learning and I started looking frontward to my biological science category. I shortly determined that I wanted to foster my survey of both biological science and athleticss medical specialty in University. I decided the best way for me to take is to get down with an undergraduate grade in biological science. I have late made many forfeits, both socially and athletically so that I can better my classs in other topics in an effort to derive entryway to a recognized university. The other classs I have selected this twelvemonth, such as chemical science and math, will assist to fix me for my future surveies. I have concentrated hard on my classs and experience confident that my difficult work will convey success in accomplishing my ends. I have even noticed that my attitude toward my surveies and acquisition is slightly different than that of some of my equals. There are other facets of my life that I have changed and improved on as a consequence of this experience that do non associate to my instruction. The dedication that I put into rehabilitating my shoulder hurt compelled me to go on strength preparation and that subsequently gave me an advantage over my competition in hockey. I have improved, as a hockey participant because I realized at an early age what it takes to accomplish ends that are of import to you and success in hockey has been one of my most of import ends. In the past few old ages I have had many chances in hockey and have been able to take advantage of them because I had the doggedness to contend through little set dorsums and concentrate on the bigger image. My involvement in athleticss medical specialty helped me to understand the importance of proper and complete preparation as portion of a healthy life. My wellness is something I take earnestly as a consequence of being exposed to wellness professionals. I have accordingly developed an enjoyment of a assortment of activities that will let me to be healthy and active throughout my life. I am now besides taking attention of myself and taking safeguards in my preparation so I may bask the same benefits of an active life style in the hereafter with out job. I am really grateful that I was able to obtain the cognition I have about an active manner of life because it has helped me to experience better about my wellness and my organic structure. The experience I had with rehabilitating my shoulder was an experience that has changed my life for the better. It has helped me to give myself to things that are of import to me like my instruction and sports and given me the cognition and will power I needed to acquire through times of trouble. I now have a really healthy and active life style, which I will keep every bit long as I can, and I understand the restrictions I have to esteem so that I may go on it. The consequence I am most pleased with is the debut I was given to the universe of biological science and athleticss medical specialty. It is this turning involvement that pushes me every twenty-four hours to work to win in school so that I may prosecute my involvement and someday hold a calling in an country that I will bask and give myself to. rondarobinson198http://www.blogger.com/profile/01280587188303012259noreply@blogger.com0